First, swimming safety points
1. Don’t be too hungry and full when entering the water. You can’t go into the water for an hour after meals to avoid cramps;
2. Try the water temperature before entering the water. If the water is too cold, don’t enter the water.
3. If you swim in rivers, lakes and seas, you must have a companion, and you can’t swim alone;
4. Observe the swimming environment before launching. If there is a danger warning, you can’t swim here.
5. Don’t swim in the canyon with unclear geographical environment. The water in these places is different in depth and cold, and there may be obstacles in the water that hurt people, which is very unsafe;
6. Before diving, make sure that the water depth here is at least 3 meters, and there are no weeds, rocks or other obstacles underwater. It is safer to enter the water with your feet first;
7. When swimming in the sea, you should swim parallel to the coastline. Those who are not skilled in swimming or have insufficient physical strength should not wade into the depths. Make a mark on the coast, pay attention to whether you are washed too far, and adjust your direction in time to ensure safety.
Second, how to prevent lower limb cramps when swimming?
1. Be sure to do warm-up exercises before swimming.
2. You should consider your physical condition before swimming, and don’t swim if you are too full, too hungry or too tired.
3. Dip some water in your limbs before swimming, and then jump into the water. Don’t jump into the water immediately.
4. If you have chest pain when swimming, you can press your chest hard and wait until it is better before going ashore.
When you have abdominal pain, you should go ashore, and it is best to drink some hot drinks or hot soup to keep your body warm.
Third, the self-rescue strategy of swimming and drowning in summer
How to ensure swimming safety and avoid drowning? Being unfamiliar with the water situation and rushing into the water can easily lead to life-threatening. In case of an unfortunate drowning incident, experts said that the drowning person should not panic and should keep calm and actively save himself:
1. For people with hand and foot cramps, if they have finger cramps, they can make a fist with their hands, then open it forcibly and do it several times quickly until the cramps are eliminated;
2. If the calf or toe cramps, first take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it hard toward the body, and at the same time press the palm of the same side on the knee of the cramped limb to help the cramped leg straighten;
3. If the thigh cramps, it can also be solved by lengthening the cramping muscles.
For drowning people, in addition to actively saving themselves, we should also actively carry out land rescue:
1. If there is mud, weeds and vomit in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, it should be removed first to keep the upper respiratory tract unobstructed;
2. If the drowning person has drunk a lot of water, the rescuer can kneel on one leg and bend his knees on the other, put the abdomen of the drowning person on the knees, hold the head of the drowning person with one hand, and press his mouth down with the other hand on his back to discharge the water;
3. If the drowning person is in a coma, breathing is weak or stops breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out after the above treatment. The drowning person can lie on his back, and the rescuer can hold the nose of the drowning person with one hand, hold his chin with the other hand, take a breath, and then blow the air into the mouth of the drowning person with his mouth. After blowing one breath, leave the mouth of the drowning person, release the hand holding the nose at the same time, and press the chest of the drowning person with your hand to help him exhale. This is repeated regularly, about 1420 times per minute, which can be slightly slower at the beginning and appropriately accelerated later.
Fourth, drowning first aid
Drowning is a common accident. After drowning, it can cause ventricular anoxia. For example, it is called "drowning" if the heartbeat stops, and it is called "near drowning" if the heartbeat does not stop. This classification is of great significance to estimate the condition and prognosis, but the treatment principles are basically the same, so it is collectively called drowning.
First aid method
1. After the injured person is carried out of the water, the water, mud and dirt in his mouth and nasal cavity should be removed immediately. Wrap his fingers with gauze (handkerchief) to pull the injured person’s tongue out of the mouth, unbutton the button and neckline to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and then pick up the injured person’s waist and abdomen to pour water with his back up and his head drooping. Or pick up the injured person’s legs, put his abdomen on the shoulders of the first aider, and run quickly to pour out the accumulated water. Or the first-aid person takes a semi-kneeling position, puts the abdomen of the injured person on the leg of the first-aid person, makes his head droop, and presses his back with his hand to pour water.
2. People who stop breathing should be given artificial respiration immediately, and mouth-to-mouth blowing is generally the best. The first aider is located on the side of the injured person, holding the injured person’s jaw, holding the injured person’s nostrils, taking a deep breath, slowly blowing into the injured person’s mouth, relaxing his nostrils when his chest is slightly raised, and pressing his chest with one hand to help him exhale. Repeatedly and rhythmically (blowing 16~20 times per minute) until breathing is restored.
3. People with cardiac arrest should have chest massage first. Let the casualty lie on his back, with a hard board on his back, his head lowered and his back tilted later. The first aider is located on the side of the casualty. Facing the casualty, his right palm is placed flat on the lower part of his sternum, and his left hand is placed on the back of his right hand. Use the body weight of the first aider to exert force slowly, but not too hard, so as to prevent fracture. Press the sternum down about 4 cm, and then loosen his wrist (hands do not leave the sternum) to restore the sternum, repeatedly and rhythmically (60-80 times per minute).
(The content of this article comes from the Internet)
Watching