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Price cycle fluctuation since reform and opening up and its enlightenment

Price is a barometer of economic performance. Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has developed at a high speed, accompanied by severe price fluctuations. By combing and analyzing the past price fluctuations, we can get some enlightenment that is beneficial to the current price work.

Division of price fluctuation cycle in China since reform and opening up

Using the "Valley-Valley" method, the fluctuation of prices (in this paper, consumer price index CPI) since China’s reform and opening up is divided into cycles, and there are five representative price cycles.

The first time was from 1978 to 1983. In this cycle, the peak price appeared in 1980, which was 7.5%, and the gap between peak and valley in the price cycle was 5.5%. The actual situation is: on the one hand, there are obvious situations such as overheated investment and increased consumption expenditure in China, and the increase in fiscal expenditure leads to a serious fiscal deficit; On the other hand, the state has adjusted the unreasonable price system, which has pushed up prices to some extent.

The second time was from 1984 to 1986. At this time, China’s price reform has entered the second stage. The full liberalization of prices has effectively activated the market, and also made the hidden supply shortage and suppressed demand further open. In addition, the overheated economy and uncoordinated economic development have led to an overall increase in prices. In 1985, the price increase reached 9.3%, and the peak-valley gap in the price cycle was 2.8%.

The third time was from 1987 to 1990. The country has implemented loose monetary and fiscal policies, and the macro-economy has recovered. However, the deep-seated problems accumulated in economic operation for many years have become increasingly prominent. In addition, in 1988, the price rose by 18.8%, and in 1990 it dropped sharply to 3.1%, and the peak-valley gap in the price cycle was as high as 15.7%.

The fourth time was from 1991 to 1999. This is the longest and largest price cycle since the reform and opening up, and the peak-valley gap is as high as 25.5%. Among them, from 1992 to 1994, the growth rate of the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society reached 44.4%, 61.8% and 30.4% respectively, and there was a nationwide real estate fever, which led to the price increase of 24.1% in 1994, which was the highest year since the founding of New China.

The fifth time was from 2007 to 2009. During this period, the price gap between peak and valley was 6.6%, and the main reasons for price fluctuation were the price increase of agricultural and sideline products such as pork and the price fluctuation of international commodities.

The main factors leading to price fluctuation

The price fluctuation since the reform and opening up is the result of many factors at home and abroad. First, the impact of external shocks on price fluctuations. In the past 10 years, the international economic situation has been turbulent, the drastic fluctuation of commodity prices and the weakening of external demand have formed an impact on China’s economy, and domestic prices have fluctuated due to the impact of the international economy. Second, from the perspective of China’s classified price index, food prices have significantly led the CPI, and the structural increase is obvious. Third, the factors of asset price fluctuation are mixed. In the process of establishing and perfecting China’s socialist market economic system, both real estate prices and stock prices have experienced abnormal and violent fluctuations, which inevitably lead to price fluctuations. In addition, some policy factors also play an important role in the price cycle fluctuation.

Thoughts and suggestions on stabilizing prices

At present, China’s prices are relatively stable, but there are still some uncertainties and risks, so we need to attach great importance to and do a good job in price work to keep the overall price level basically stable. First, optimize the monetary policy system and maintain a stable market environment. While regulating the money supply, the central bank should pay attention to the transformation of the intermediate goal of monetary policy to the marketization of interest rates; Fine-tune the interest rate through open market business to maintain the stability of the money market environment. The second is to increase the strategic reserve scale of energy, minerals and other commodities, and ease the resource bottleneck in China. Further improve the commodity futures and spot markets, establish an international pricing center in China, and gradually acquire the pricing power of international commodities. Third, vigorously develop modern agriculture, improve the reserve mechanism of grain and agricultural and sideline products, and improve the supply capacity of grain and food. Promote the construction of agricultural and sideline products circulation system, reduce the circulation cost of agricultural and sideline products, and improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural and sideline products. The fourth is to promote the all-round development of capital market tools such as stocks, bonds, futures and financial derivatives, expand the breadth and depth of the capital market and diversify investment risks. Formulate a reasonable real estate pricing mechanism to promote the sustained and healthy development of the real estate market.

(Author: School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University)

Domestic AI models are intensively launched, which one is the strongest？

　　On September 13th, Alibaba Cloud announced that the model of Tongyi Thousand Questions had been put on record for the first time and was officially opened to the public.

　　In the past nearly half a month, the domestic big models of Baidu, Tencent and other big manufacturers have been officially launched, and the "Hundred Models War" moment of the domestic AI big model will come!

　　Domestic large models are intensively launched, and the "Hundred Models War" is coming?

　　According to 21 Data News Lab, on August 31st alone, large model products of eight enterprises or institutions, including Baidu, ByteDance, Shangtang Technology and Baichuan Intelligent, passed the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, and became the first batch of "officially launched". Among them, except for ABAB, Scholar General, Zidong Taisan, all other domestic large models have consumer products that are open to the public free of charge.

　　Since September, the big models of (), Tencent and Alibaba have also been opened one after another.

　　Previously, with the AI model represented by ChatGPT spreading all over the world, a number of domestic models have been released, but they are only in a small-scale testing session and are not fully open to the public. It is reported that at least 130 companies in China have studied large model products, among which 78 have made general large models and 52 have made vertical large models. It is expected that other records will be approved one after another.

　　Since the beginning of this year, AIGC’s favorable policies have continued.

　　Judging from the pace of policy promotion, since the beginning of this year, the relevant good news in the AIGC field has continued.

　　In April this year, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting, pointing out that we should attach importance to the development of general artificial intelligence, create an innovative ecology, and pay attention to preventing risks.

　　On July 13, the National Network Information Office, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology, announced the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services. On August 15th, the management method was officially implemented, and the filing of large models was started, which accelerated the release of commercial capacity of large models.

　　Which is stronger than the domestic big model?

　　So, what is the difference between the big domestic models that have been released?

　　According to the latest "AI Big Model Technical Capability Assessment Report 2023" issued by IDC, an IT market research and consulting company, at present, Wenxin Big Model 3.5 launched by Baidu is in a relatively leading position among the mainstream big models in China, and it gets full marks in the two indicators of "algorithm model" and "industry coverage".

　　Source: IDC《AI Large Model Technical Capability Assessment Report 2023.

　　Researchers in the Data Journalism Laboratory tried several applications corresponding to domestic large models, and found that Baidu ERNIE Bot has relatively rich functions, supports multimodal input and output such as pictures and voices, and can realize real-time online search, while other domestic large models have relatively few functions.

　　Since the beginning of this year, influenced by the AIGC wave, the stock prices of many companies with layout in this field have performed well. From the beginning of this year to September 13th, Iflytek’s share price rose by about 50%, while Baidu’s Hong Kong stocks and US stocks both rose by more than 20%.

A good book recommends it as an introductory reading for famous scientific and technological books.

★ Translate the whole text with full notes.

★40-year-old classics, all kinds of books are on the shelves.

★ Fully display the brilliance of ancient science and technology in China.

★ Essential introductory reading for scientific and technological masterpieces

★ Selected Items of Reading Guidance Catalogue for Primary and Secondary School Students by the Ministry of Education (Nine Chapters of Arithmetic and Heavenly Creations)

The Chinese nation has a civilization history of thousands of years, and has created splendid ancient culture, especially China’s ancient science and technology, such as papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass, which have made great contributions to the progress of world civilization. Needham, a famous British scholar, pointed out after studying the history of world science and technology that before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, China’s inventions and discoveries far surpassed those of Europe at the same time; China’s ancient science and technology have been ahead of the rest of the world for a long time: China’s Zhouyi Suan Jing, written in the Qin and Han Dynasties, put forward a special case of Pythagorean theorem 500 years earlier than the West; Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty invented the armillary sphere and the seismograph, more than 1,700 years earlier than Europe. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties accurately calculated that pi was between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, which was more than a thousand years earlier than that in Europe …

In order for today’s readers to inherit and carry forward the excellent traditions of the Chinese nation-being brave in exploration, good at innovation and good at discovery and invention, our society began to mobilize, plan, organize and publish this series of books as early as the 1980s. At that time, Mr. Hu Daojing (1913-2003), an old publisher and scholar of history of science, was invited as the editor-in-chief of the series. Under the guidance of Hu Lao, the work of selecting books and soliciting contributions was carried out.

The series has been supported by many outstanding scholars and written in succession. After publication, it has also been welcomed by readers and achieved good social benefits. However, due to various reasons, only five kinds of books were published in the 20th century (Annotation of Kao Gong Ji, Annotation of Dietetic Materia Medica, Annotation of Wang’s Agricultural Books in Donglu, Annotation of Tiangong Kaiwu, Annotation of Compiling and Compiling the Things in Kangxi’s Leisure Time), so they had to be suspended. After Hu Lao’s death, the publishing of series is even more difficult.

In the 21st century, our society decided to restart the publication of series. With the support of Shandong University, on the basis of the original, the bibliography was re-selected, the compilation style was revised, and the author was invited again to continue to complete the project perfectly.

The restart of the series has won the support of many old authors, especially Mr. Pan Jixing, a famous expert in the history of science and technology. He not only put forward suggestions such as revising the style, providing topics and recommending authors, but also generously promised to undertake the review of the English titles of this series. In addition, the series also invited many outstanding scholars, such as Guo Shuchun, a historian of mathematics, Liu Aiyun, a Chinese medicine expert, Zheng Jinsheng, an expert in the study of Chinese medicine history and literature, Miao Qiyu and Ma Zongshen, an agronomist, Gao Suijie, a forensic scientist, Cheng Zhenyi, Wen Renjun, Lu Jingyan, Zhang Binglun and Li Di, to write in succession.

For ordinary readers, it is not easy to read China’s ancient scientific and technological classics. After 40 years of readers’ examination and several times of perfection by the author, this series of books has finally determined the style of "original text+annotation+translation", which integrates classic original text, detailed annotation and popular translation, which not only facilitates readers to easily learn China’s ancient science and technology, but also meets the needs of some readers to read the original text. It can be said that it is a necessary introductory reading for China ancient science and technology lovers.

Up to now, the series has published 17 varieties, as follows:

Annotation of Kao Gong Ji (Revised Edition)

Annotation of Wen Renjun

Kao Gong Ji is the first compilation of handicraft techniques in China, which was written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is the most important document to study the history of ancient technology in China. This edition is a part of Zhou Li, which is called Zhou Lidong’s Official Examination Record. As a part of the Confucian classics, Kao Gong Ji has been favored for a long time, with famous annotations and string recitation, and has been passed down to this day. At the beginning of Kao Gong Ji, it describes the origin and characteristics of "all-round work", and then points out the main types of work at that time, such as government-run handicrafts and household handicrafts, where there are 30 workers. It involves ancient car-making system, bronze casting system, bow and arrow weapon, leather armor system, ritual and music drinking and shooting system, building water conservancy system, pottery-making system and so on.

Notes on Zhou Pianjian’s Translation

Cheng Zhenyi and Wen Renjun’s Annotations

Zhou Piai suan Jing, the earliest arithmetic classic in Chinese history. Among them, the conversation between Duke Zhou and Shang Gao has the earliest written record of Pythagorean theorem. The book uses the simplest and most feasible method to determine the astronomical calendar, reveals the operating rules of the sun, the moon and the stars, covers the change of seasons and climate change, and includes the truth that the north and the south are polar and the day and night push each other, which provides a strong guarantee for the later generations to live and work. Since then, mathematicians of all ages have taken this book as a reference, and constantly innovated and developed on this basis.

Annotations on Nine Chapters of Divination (Revised Edition)

Guo Shuchun’s translation

Selected as the "Reading Guidance Catalogue for Primary and Secondary School Students" by the Ministry of Education.

"Nine Chapters of Divination", an important kind of ten books for calculating classics, has always been regarded as the first one for calculating classics. The book systematically summarizes the mathematical achievements in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, and plays an important role in the history of Chinese mathematics. The revised edition was launched in 2020, which is more perfect in content than the original edition.

Related reading:

A Brief Interpretation of the Golden Chamber (Revised Edition)

By Zhang Zhongjing

Liu aiyun’s translation

Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is the earliest monograph on miscellaneous diseases in China. There are more than 60 kinds of diagnosis and treatment methods and 205 prescriptions. Many of these prescriptions have been widely used in clinic for thousands of years and are called "the ancestors of medical prescriptions". This book has high guiding significance and practical value, and has a great contribution and far-reaching influence on the development of clinical medicine in later generations. The revised edition was launched in 2016, and many of them were supplemented and improved.

Annotation of Qi Min Yao Shu (Revised Edition)

[Northern Dynasties] By Jia Sixie

Annotations of Miao Qiyu and Miao Guilong

Qi Min Yao Shu is the earliest and most complete ancient agricultural monograph in China. A total of ten volumes, detailing the ancient agricultural and sideline production technology and experience, covering almost all the contents of ancient farm management activities, can be called "the encyclopedia of ancient agricultural technology in China". The revised edition was launched in 2020, with many additions in content.

Related reading:

Translation notes of dietotherapy materia medica (revised edition)

[Tang] Meng E’s original work

[Tang] Justin Cheung added.

Translated Notes by Zheng Jinsheng and Zhang Tongjun

The earliest monograph of "dietotherapy" in China, the daily diet and health preservation of people in Tang Dynasty. Materia Medica for Dietotherapy, written by Meng Huang in Tang Dynasty and supplemented and adapted by Justin Cheung, was a famous monograph on food therapy and nutrition in Tang Dynasty, which recorded the medicinal efficacy, indications and various taboos of more than 260 kinds of common foods and collected a large number of dietotherapy prescriptions. Materia Medica for Dietotherapy is the most abundant book in Tang Dynasty, and comprehensively summarizes the dietotherapy experience at that time. Originally lost for a long time, the author translated it according to the notes of the lost edition, and checked it with many residual editions and other classics. Attached are two indexes: "explanation of terms" and "food and medicine".

Notes on the Translation of Tea Classics (External Three Kinds) (Revised Edition)

[Tang] Lu Yu is waiting

Song Yiming’s translation

Annotations on Tea Classics (three kinds outside) includes four monographs on tea studies: Lu Yu’s Tea Classics in the Tang Dynasty, Cai Xiang’s Tea Records in the Song Dynasty, Huang Ru’s Tea Tasting Notes, and Xu Cishu’s Tea Shu in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, The Book of Tea is particularly famous. It is the earliest, most complete and comprehensive monograph on tea in China and even the world, and is known as the "encyclopedia of tea". The revised edition was launched in 2017, and many of them were supplemented and improved.

Related reading:

Notes on the New Instrument and Image Method

[Song] By Su Song

Translated Notes by Lu Jingyan and Qian Xueying

"The Essentials of New Instrument and Image" is Su Song’s explanation of the manufacture and use of instrument and image platform, which has a high position in the history of ancient science and technology in China. Although it has few words, it is a tour of the great achievements of Chinese literature the day before yesterday in the 11th century, an exhibition of the manufacturing technology of ancient astronomical instruments in China, and also reflects the brilliant achievements in many fields such as statics, dynamics, optics, mathematics, mechanical manufacturing and automatic control.

Interpretation of wine classics

[Song] By Zhu Jian

Translated Notes by Song Yiming and Li Yan

Interpretation of wine classics is the first monograph in China that comprehensively and systematically discusses the technology of koji-making and wine-making. A total of three volumes, the first volume discusses the development history of wine; In the middle volume, there are three categories and thirteen kinds of ingredients for each song; The next volume records the brewing process and the brewing technology of various wines. The book records the brewing methods of white sheep wine, yellow rice wine, chrysanthemum wine, tea wine and wine.

Related reading:

Annotations on the Collection of Wrongs

[Song] By Song Ci

Translated Notes by Gao Suijie and Zhu Linsen

The six-volume Collection of Injustice is the first classic of forensic medicine in ancient China that systematically summarizes the experience of corpse examination, and it is also the earliest and more complete monograph of forensic medicine in the world. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, this book has become the blueprint of official corpse examination in past dynasties, and it was once the criterion of criminal examination in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. This book has been translated into many foreign languages and occupies a very important position in the history of forensic medicine in the world.

Notes on the Summary of Agriculture and Mulberry

Editor-in-chief of Dasi Agriculture Department

Ma Zongshen’s translation

The Seven-volume Compendium of Agriculture and Mulberry is a comprehensive agricultural book compiled by the senior agricultural department in the early Yuan Dynasty. Most of the contents are quoted from Qi Min Yao Shu, Shi Nong Must Use, Wu Ben Xin Shu, Si Shi Bian Yao, Han Shi Zhi Shuo, etc. Although they are excerpts, they take their essence and abandon the exegesis of names and superstition. There are also some words written by editors, all of which are marked with "new additions". On the basis of inheriting the previous generation of agricultural books, this book has improved and developed the techniques of intensive cultivation, mulberry planting and sericulture in the northern region; It paid special attention to the cultivation techniques of cash crops such as cotton and ramie, and it was a practical agricultural book at that time.

Annotation of Wang’s Agricultural Books in Donglu

[Yuan] Written by Wang Zhen

Annotations of Miao Qiyu and Miao Guilong

This book is a master of agronomy in Yuan Dynasty in China. This book consists of three parts: "Nong Sang Tong Ji" is about the planting and storage of crops, the cultivation of fruit trees and the raising of livestock and poultry; Baigupu is an introduction to the cultivation of various specific crops such as whole grains. The use and production of traditional farm tools, water conservancy equipment, silk reeling and weaving equipment in China are introduced in detail in the Atlas of Agricultural Machinery.

Drinking food is about to be translated

[Yuan] By Hu Sihui

Translated Notes by Zhang Binglun and Fang Xiaoyang

Eating and drinking is the first monograph on nutrition in China. It was written by Hu Sihui, a imperial doctor who ate and drank in Yuan Dynasty. He is in charge of court diet and medicine tonic matters, and also knows Mongolian and Chinese medicine, and has accumulated rich knowledge of nutrition. He compiled this book by collecting various herbal medicines, famous doctors’ recipes, rare and unusual dishes used in court daily life, decoction and paste, and neutral taste tonic of cereals, fruits and vegetables.

Related reading:

Herbal translation of famine relief

[Ming] By Zhu Yun

Translated Notes by Wang Jinxiu and Tang Yancheng

Herbal Medicine for Disaster Relief, the earliest specialized book on agronomy and botany aiming at disaster relief in Chinese history. As a plant atlas in the early Ming Dynasty (early 15th century AD), it describes the plant morphology and records the edible plant resources in the Central Plains of China in the Ming Dynasty. The translator especially emphasizes that readers are advised not to try unfamiliar plants easily.

Tiangong Kaiwu

[Ming] By Song Yingxing

Pan Jixing’s translation

Selected as the "Reading Guidance Catalogue for Primary and Secondary School Students" by the Ministry of Education.

"Heavenly Creations" is one of the "four famous scientific and technological works" in China in the late Ming Dynasty, which occupies a very important position in the history of ancient science and technology in the world and has been translated into Japanese, English, German, French and other languages. It systematically and comprehensively describes the production technology and experience of 18 production departments of agriculture, industry and handicraft industry in China from 16th to 17th century. There are more than one hundred illustrations in the book.

Related reading:

Notes on the compilation of Kangxi’s leisure objects

[Qing] By Aisingiorro Xuanye

Li Di’s translation

This book is a note made by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, which mainly records Kangxi’s investigations and experiments on astronomy, geography, paleontology, animals, plants, medicine and other disciplines in his spare time, and there are many insights.

Mirror-mirror delusion

[Qing] By Zheng Fuguang

Annotation by Li Lei

Crazy in the Mirror, the earliest monograph on physics in China. Its content not only has the characteristics of traditional physics, but also has great originality. Zheng Fuguang, the author of this book, made the earliest astronomical telescope in China. Regarding the title of the book, the author Zheng Fuguang explained in the preface: "Take the object as the object, that is, the objective lens. It can be popularized by this book "The Theory of Far Mirror". Dare to call you xian, and tell me how stupid I am. " That is, "my humble opinion on the problem of looking at things in the mirror."

Original title: "It is recommended by a good book, and it is selected as an introductory reading for famous scientific and technological works."

Read the original text

Textbooks on Chinese, History and Ideological and Political Education for Senior High Schools in Six Provinces and Cities have been put into use in the new semester.

　　This morning, the Ministry of Education held a press conference to introduce the compilation of textbooks for three subjects in senior high schools. At present, the compilation of textbooks for ideological, political, Chinese and history in ordinary senior high schools has been completed. It will start in September this year and will be first used in the beginning grades of senior high schools in six provinces and cities, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Shanghai, Shandong and Hainan, and other provinces will gradually push it out. The textbooks have been tried out in 412 schools in 13 provinces in the east, middle and west, and the suitability of the textbooks has been tested through classroom teaching. In the future, training at the national, prefecture and county levels will be implemented, and experts will be organized to systematically and deeply interpret the teaching materials to ensure that all teachers will be trained before attending classes. At the same time, we should establish a monitoring platform for the use of teaching materials, pay regular return visits to the teaching materials, make good use of the feedback platform for the three subjects’ teaching materials, listen to the opinions and suggestions from all walks of life in real time, study the new situations and problems encountered in the use of teaching materials in time, and revise the teaching materials regularly, so as to continuously improve the teaching materials.

　　High School Ideological and Political Textbooks: Innovative Presentation Mode, Setting Comprehensive Exploration Content

　　The textbook of ideological and political unification in senior high school runs through the main line of educating people, namely, the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. By enhancing the pertinence and readability of the textbook and innovating the presentation mode, the textbook has also set up the content of "comprehensive inquiry" to highlight its comprehensiveness and practicality.

　　Overall construction and arrangement of teaching materials in blocks

　　There are 7 complete sets of textbooks on Ideology and Politics in ordinary senior high schools, among which the compulsory textbooks are divided into Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Economy and Society, Politics and Rule of Law, Philosophy and Culture, and the optional compulsory textbooks are divided into Contemporary International Politics and Economy, Law and Life and Logic and Thinking. The total score of the four required textbooks is adopted, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the overview and foundation, which gives students an overall understanding of the formation and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Economy and Society", "Politics and Rule of Law" and "Philosophy and Culture" are deeply explained in different fields, so that students can specifically understand how to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The three optional compulsory textbooks focus on cultivating students to understand the development trend of human society from a global perspective, deal with daily problems by legal means, and explore and understand the world with scientific thinking.

　　As for the key learning content, the whole set of teaching materials systematically tells the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and elaborates it from the aspects of economy, politics, rule of law, culture, nationality, religion, society, ecological civilization, national security, national defense and army, diplomacy and party building. In the aspect of rule of law education, the legal contents of marriage and family, employment and entrepreneurship, social dispute resolution and so on, which are closely related to students’ future, are included. In addition, revolutionary spirits such as "Red Boat Spirit", Long March Spirit, Yan ‘an Spirit and Chinese excellent traditional culture are also included.

　　Innovative forms highlight comprehensive practicality.

　　The textbook of ideological and political unification has also innovated the presentation mode, striving to enhance pertinence and readability. The textbook includes unit lead, lesson lead, text, various columns interspersed in the main text, and comprehensive inquiry. Efforts are made to improve the way of teaching and learning. Through the nesting of activities and text, the creation of problem situations, and the design of comprehensive inquiry activities, students’ interest in learning is stimulated, students’ cooperative learning and inquiry learning are promoted, and their practical ability is improved.

　　In order to highlight the comprehensiveness and practicality, the textbook has set up the content of "comprehensive inquiry". There are two compulsory courses, and each unit of other textbooks has one. "Comprehensive Inquiry" allows students to analyze and solve problems by creating a variety of situations, focusing on topics in various forms, and comprehensively applying the knowledge and skills of related disciplines. For example, taking "national security and core interests" as the topic, the textbook has designed a comprehensive inquiry, explaining "national security is everyone’s responsibility", telling the content and significance of the overall national security concept, and cultivating students’ awareness of the overall national security concept. In addition, the textbook pays attention to the selection of cases and materials related to students’ lives, which is convenient for students to understand theoretical problems with practice and solve practical puzzles with theory.

　　Chinese Textbooks for Senior High School: Designing Learning Task Groups for the First Time to Guide Autonomous Learning　

　　There are 5 sets of Chinese textbooks for senior high schools, including 2 compulsory textbooks and 3 optional compulsory textbooks. The textbook innovatively designs two learning clues, namely, humanistic theme and learning task group, and refines some humanistic themes, such as "great rejuvenation", "mission and ambition" and "youthful excitement". It is divided into 28 learning units based on the 12 learning task groups stipulated in the curriculum standard, of which 22 units are built with the text as the core, and the basic columns include unit introduction, text selection, learning tips and unit learning tasks, which changes the common one-way learning tasks in the past. The textbook also has two whole book reading units and four activity units. These units take the learning task of integrated design as the core, and promote the reading or practical activities of the whole book.

　　Ancient poetry accounts for nearly half of the texts.

　　在选文上， 精选了反映中华优秀传统文化的经典名篇，注重题材的多样性和体裁的覆盖面，从古风、民歌、绝句、律诗到词曲，从诸子散文到历史散文，从两汉论文、魏晋辞赋到唐宋明清古文，从文言小说到白话小说，均有呈现。共选入古代诗文67篇，占全部课文数（136篇/首）的49.3%。其中古诗词33首，古文34篇。

　　选文：突出革命文化和社会主义先进文化

　　高中语文统编教材还注重突出反映革命传统和革命精神的作品，其中，有毛泽东的《沁园春·长沙》《改造我们的学习》等5篇（首）文章，鲁迅《拿来主义》《纪念刘和珍君》等5篇文章，还有《长征胜利万岁》《大战中的插曲》《百合花》等多篇作品。同时，还注重选取了反映社会主义建设和改革开放时期的作品。

　　展现祖国日新月异变化的，如《哦，香雪》，讴歌时代楷模的；如《喜看稻菽千重浪——记首届国家最高科技奖获得者袁隆平》《青蒿素：人类征服疾病的一小步》，反映党在新时期的理论探索；体现出理论对实践的巨大指导作用的，如《实践是检验真理的唯一标准》。　 此外，教材也选入了十多篇外国文学文化经典作品，有《复活》《百年孤独》《哈姆雷特》《致云雀》等。

　　Teaching materials of history in senior high school: strengthening thinking on the combination of history and theory

　　There are five complete sets of textbooks on History in senior high schools, including two compulsory textbooks, Outline of Chinese and Foreign History, and three optional compulsory textbooks, National System and Social Governance, Economic and Social Life and Cultural Exchange and Communication.

　　Set up novel columns around five core literacy.　

　　The textbook combines historical facts with historical theories, general history with special history, and presents the outstanding achievements of human civilization in many dimensions. The textbook should set up columns reasonably, and design the content and columns around the five core qualities of historical materialism, time and space concept, historical evidence, historical interpretation and feelings for home and country. Each lesson in the textbook takes the text as the main body, supplemented by some functional columns. Among them, "unit introduction" summarizes the main historical contents and learning requirements involved in this unit, "introduction diagram (language)" vividly and concisely leads to the content to be told in this lesson, "learning focus" prompts the learning focus, "reading historical materials" briefly supplements and expands relevant literature materials, "historical horizon" further supplements and expands major historical events and people, and "thinking point/learning window" is strengthened. In addition, each textbook has an activity class.

　　引导学生认同中华5000多年文明史　

　　教材内容涵盖了中华优秀传统文化所包含的核心思想理念、传统美德和人文精神，共涉及历史文化名人100余位，思想、科技、文学、法律等著作80余部，四大发明、天文历法、医学、数学、农学、地理学、水利工程等重大发明创造50余项，书画、音乐舞蹈、雕塑、器物等艺术作品40余件，引导学生形成对中华文化的认同感，树立正确的文化观。

　　强化国家主权、海洋意识

　　教材介绍了中国人民170多年斗争史和中国共产党90多年奋斗史，并强化国家主权、海洋意识，以史实为依托，讲述西藏、新疆、台湾及其附属岛屿、南海诸岛等作为我国领土不可分割一部分的历史渊源，增强学生维护国家统一和国家主权安全的意识，形成正确的国家观。

　　Integrate into the education of national unity and progress

　　At the same time, the teaching material also integrates the education of national unity and progress, tells the history of the Chinese nation, which has been formed by the exchanges and exchanges of various ethnic groups in the history of our country, introduces the policy of regional ethnic autonomy in China, guides students to establish a correct view of the country, nationality, culture and history, enhances national self-confidence and pride, and builds a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation.

　　The textbooks compiled by the three subjects of compulsory education will cover the whole grade in September this year.

　　In 2017, the textbooks of compulsory education ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history began to be used uniformly in the beginning grades of primary schools and junior high schools nationwide. This fall semester, all grades will be "fully covered", and the main replacement textbooks are 4-mdash; Sixth grade.

　　It is understood that after the three subjects of compulsory education are put into use, the Ministry of Education has established a tracking mechanism for the use of textbooks with full process and wide coverage. From the follow-up situation, teachers and students are satisfied with the teaching materials as a whole, and nearly 90% students like the new teaching materials, which are rich and interesting in content, beautiful in language, illustrated and inspiring. Teachers’ overall satisfaction with the textbooks reached 92%, and they thought that the textbooks had high ideas, strong value orientation, accurate content selection, lively presentation, novel design, and were suitable for teaching and learning. In the process of using the teaching materials, some opinions and suggestions have also been collected, and valuable opinions will be actively absorbed and revised. (CCTV reporter Gao Chenyuan)

Prison Returnees Help Education： Ex-prisoners Become Prison ＂Interviewers＂

　　The picture shows the help and education of returnees in Shayang Guanghua Prison and the on-site simulated job fair. Photo by Wen Juan

　　□ Our reporter Liu Zhiyue

　　□ "Legal System and News" reporter He Zhengxin

　　Returning to prison again, Liu Fan (a pseudonym) has some feelings.

　　"Is the company’s income high?" "How do you get along with your colleagues?" … … Under the rostrum, former prisoners kept asking questions.

　　This time, Liu Fan, who participated in the on-site simulated job fair for returnees of Guanghua Prison in Shayang, Hubei Province together with the person in charge of the company, turned into an "interviewer". Liu Fanfan is a released prisoner in Shayang Guanghua Prison. Recommended by the prison police, he entered an electronic product production company in Guangdong, and now he has become the technical backbone of the company.

　　"Being educated and reformed in prison has made my life start again, and the trust and support of the company have given me new life opportunities." Liu Fan said.

　　It is a concrete manifestation of Shayang Guanghua Prison’s practice of the new concept of "five major transformations" to "open" the job fair into the prison and invite released prisoners to show up.

　　On January 4th this year, Hubei Provincial Prison Administration held a meeting to promote the pilot work of "Five Major Reforms" model prisons in Shayang Guanghua Prison, and summarized the working experience of each pilot prison. In order to implement the new requirements of the Ministry of Justice on the "Five Major Reforms" of prison work, which is "guided by political reform, promoting supervision reform, education reform, cultural reform and labor reform as a whole", in 2018, the Party Committee of Hubei Provincial Prison Administration deployed and carried out pilot projects of demonstration prisons with the "Five Major Reforms" as the main contents in Shayang Guanghua Prison, Xianning Prison, Hanjiang Prison and Huangzhou Prison.

　　"With the combination of point and surface, we will first grasp the pilot demonstration and then fully promote it in the province." Hao Aimin, secretary of the Party Committee and director of Hubei Prison Administration, said that this is a working idea and an important measure for the prison system in Hubei Province to stick to the bottom line of safety, practice the purpose of reform and promote the new pattern of "five major reforms" as a whole.

　　Political culture infiltrates into the prison area, political books cover into the prison house, political reform day study week gives comments, and the warden gives the new prisoners the first lesson of political reform … … Over the past year, the Hubei Provincial Prison Administration has held three seminars on model prisons, set up a leading group and office for the creation of model prisons, and formulated and promulgated the Implementation Plan for the Pilot Work of Hubei Model Prison. Four pilot prisons, including Shayang Prison Administration, have deployed elite forces to set up special classes to carry out their work.

　　Nowadays, four pilot units of model prisons have explored their own unique transformation models — —

　　Shayang Guanghua Prison adheres to the guidance of party building, and comprehensively implements the "five-oriented" transformation model of transparent, standardized and refined management, systematization of political transformation, permanence of team institutions, classroom-based learning and education, routine education reform and effectiveness of assessment and evaluation; Xianning prison fully implements the standardization of all work, and actively constructs a new management mechanism of grading and handling in charge of detention, an incentive mechanism for penalty execution, a new labor reform and correction mechanism and an innovative mechanism for educational reform; Huangzhou Prison promotes the reform of the prison area system, dividing the prison area according to the floor, effectively improving the prison safety factor and promoting the flat and scientific prison management; Hanjiang Prison, as a demonstration prison for Internet application determined by the Ministry of Justice, realizes standardization of hardware facilities and intelligent on-site management, and the standardized management of labor sites is at the forefront of the country.

　　As small as a toothbrush and a pen are shortened; The water temperature of prisoners’ drinking water should be controlled at about 70 degrees after boiling, so as not to hurt people by boiling water … … During the observation in Shayang Guanghua Prison, the small details carefully set in the prison area won praises from the participants.

　　"In order to strengthen political reform, we require prisoners to take political reform classes from the time they enter the prison, regularly raise the national flag, watch red movies, and also hold activities such as theme essay writing and red song contest, so that political culture can enter the prison area and enter the prison house, realizing full coverage of the whole process of political reform." Zhang Rongsheng, Party Secretary and Warden of Shayang Guanghua Prison, introduced.

　　Statistics show that in 2018, the number of criminals violating discipline in Shayang Guanghua Prison decreased by 13% year-on-year, and the number of people taking the high school entrance examination increased by more than 7 times year-on-year.

　　In an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily, Xiong Hao, secretary of the Party Committee and director of Xianning Prison, said that in order to improve the ability and level of promoting the "five major reforms", Xianning Prison divided the police into three categories: supervision reform, education reform and labor reform, and classified the selection and employment, education and training, evaluation and assessment, and the professional level of the police continued to improve.

　　"The pilot demonstration prison is an important measure to implement the work deployment of the Ministry of Justice, an important content to implement the comprehensive deepening reform work of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, and an important starting point for promoting prison work." Hao Aimin said that in the next step, the province’s prison system will set an example in nine aspects, such as improving the quality of prisoners’ reform, standardizing law enforcement, intelligent construction, reform and innovation, cultural construction, party building and discipline style, so as to continuously improve the overall management level of prisons.

Full-capacity production of pharmaceutical companies in our province is a shortage of drugs to ＂quench thirst＂

In order to do a good job in the production and supply of medical materials in short supply for the prevention and control of the current epidemic situation, Sichuan Province recently issued a notice to emergency headquarters, novel coronavirus, and made arrangements for ensuring supply from nine aspects, including supporting key production enterprises to increase production and supply.

On December 22nd, the reporter interviewed a number of pharmaceutical enterprises in Sichuan. "Full horsepower", "full load production" and "24-hour uninterrupted" are the workshop conditions of many pharmaceutical companies. They expand their production capacity by temporarily transforming production lines and speeding up the layout of new production lines, and do their best to meet the needs of consumers for scarce drugs.

Sichuan is a big province of medicine, which produces more drugs for preventing and treating COVID-19’s symptoms. On December 19th, the Department of Economic and Information Technology, the Department of Commerce, the Provincial Health and Health Commission and other six departments published the Recommended Catalogue of Local Varieties of Preventive and Therapeutic Drugs in COVID-19, Sichuan Province (First Edition), which recommended 17 local western medicine varieties and 117 local Chinese medicine varieties to the public, involving more than 40 Sichuan pharmaceutical enterprises.

For example, in order to relieve fever, headache, myalgia and other symptoms, the symptomatic western medicines made in Sichuan include Benoit tablets, paracetamol drops, children Benoit vitamin B1 granules, lysine aspirin for injection, ibuprofen sustained-release suspension and other products; In the catalogue, there are 7 enterprises that produce cough syrup for children and 6 enterprises that produce Xiaochaihu granules.

"Broaden the choice of consumers with the varieties of local drugs, which puts higher demands on the ability of pharmaceutical companies to ensure supply." Yang Jinmin, deputy general manager in charge of production of Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, said that the company has two factories in Mianyang City and Liangshan Prefecture, which used to produce 58 kinds of drugs every day. In the past few days, the production capacity has been concentrated on the production of more than 10 kinds of antiviral drugs, and more than 480 people have taken turns to work, and the machinery and equipment have been non-stop. "We have concentrated on deploying 16 general production lines and have transformed them into special production lines for antiviral drugs."

The reporter learned in the interview that some pharmaceutical companies are also facing challenges such as raw material supply and employment security. Our province clearly requires strengthening departmental coordination, provincial and municipal linkage, and actively helps key production and circulation enterprises with shortage of medical materials to coordinate and solve existing difficulties and problems; Encourage banking financial institutions to actively increase financial support, do their best to ensure water, electricity and other factors, and support enterprises to produce at full capacity. The relevant departments in Chengdu have set up special classes to enter key pharmaceutical enterprises to help solve the problems encountered in the production and operation of enterprises. (Reporter   Zhang Shoushuai   Tang zewen)

Huawei’s mobile phone is repaired twice every six months： after-sales judgment, private users question that it is a refurbished machine.

　　On April 25, Mr. Huang complained to Sina Guangdong Express that the mobile phone purchased at the official flagship store of Huawei Tmall at the end of last year began to have problems such as excessive fever in April and was sent to the official maintenance outlets twice. During the second maintenance, the maintenance network detected that the motherboard of the mobile phone had been disassembled without permission, and refused to provide Mr. Huang with free warranty service. Mr. Huang denied that he had dismantled his mobile phone privately and suspected that he had bought a refurbished machine in the official flagship store of Huawei Tmall.

　　On April 29th, Mr. Huang reported that Huawei’s service outlets had repaired the mobile phone for him free of charge, and guaranteed that the replacement parts were Huawei’s original materials, and the mobile phone had resumed normal use. Lawyer Liu Guohua of Guangdong Benben Law Firm reminds consumers that they should pay attention to the restrictive clauses in the merchant’s warranty policy when purchasing goods.

　　Buy Huawei mobile phone and repair it twice within half a year. The repair network determines that it is privately disassembled and will not be guaranteed.

　　In December last year, Mr. Huang’s girlfriend bought a Mate 9 pro mobile phone in the official flagship store of Huawei Tmall, and spent a total of 4,399 yuan. "It has been used well, but on April 6 this year, it began to have problems of fever and excessive power consumption." Mr. Huang took his mobile phone to Huawei Customer Service Center (Guangzhou Victoria Plaza Store) for maintenance, and only replaced the battery and front case. Within two days after the maintenance, the mobile phone still broke down repeatedly, and even could not be turned on. On the 9th, Mr. Huang came to the repair shop again and was told that the shielding cover of the mobile phone motherboard had been cut off artificially, which belonged to unauthorized disassembly. The repair shop refused to provide free repair service, and said that Mr. Huang had to pay 2400 yuan if he wanted to repair it.

　　Mr. Huang denied the idea of "disassembling the machine without permission" advocated by the repair shop, saying that the mobile phone had never been disassembled since the purchase. "Either the maintenance technician repaired the motherboard to shirk the responsibility, or Huawei Tmall Store sent us a’ repaired’ mobile phone from the beginning."

Second maintenance service report provided by consumers.

　　The official flagship store insists that it is genuine, and the maintenance network indicates that it has been dismantled privately.

　　Afterwards, Mr. Huang contacted the customer service of Tmall Huawei’s official flagship store and asked for a new machine or a full refund. However, the customer service insisted that the mobile phones sold were original and genuine, and there was no possibility of selling refurbished machines. He said that because the use of consumers could not be confirmed, it would be handled according to the maintenance opinions of the service center, that is, no free maintenance would be given. For this treatment plan, Mr. Huang can’t accept it: "I clearly have the service guarantee of free maintenance. Why did I choose to spend money to dismantle it privately? This is not logical at all. "

Dialogue with customer service of official flagship store of Tmall Huawei provided by consumers.
Dialogue with customer service of official flagship store of Tmall Huawei provided by consumers.

　　Mr. Chen, the manager of Huawei Customer Service Center Guangzhou Victoria Plaza Store, told Sina Guangdong Express that the maintenance process of the officially authorized after-sales outlets was monitored, and the mobile phone was handed over from the consumer to the repair shop, and they were tested and repaired under monitoring. Mr. Chen said that consumers stressed that there was no private demolition, but they could not provide proof. Based on the existing facts, "we have doubts about Mr. Huang’s statement. "

　　Regarding how to determine whether the mobile phone has been dismantled and repaired privately, Mr. Chen replied, "Professionals can know it at a glance", which can visually judge whether the mobile phone has been pried open, whether the screws have fallen off, and disassemble the mobile phone to observe the construction of the internal board. Mr. Chen said that at present, the maintenance plans of major Huawei official maintenance points are to replace the faulty parts as a whole. Unofficial private maintenance shops need to weld through advanced maintenance methods because they can’t order original parts, and the quality will be relatively rough without mechanized operation. In this test, it was only after Mr. Huang’s mobile phone was disassembled that he found that the motherboard shield had a sharp slit. Mr. Chen said, "This is not in line with the original factory situation."

　　Huawei promises free maintenance after quick complaint mediation. Lawyer: Pay attention to the warranty restrictions of merchants when purchasing.

　　Lawyer Liu Guohua of Guangdong Benben Law Firm believes that in this case, consumers bought Huawei mobile phones in the official flagship store and found that there was a phenomenon of artificial maintenance of the mobile phones. Without relevant certificates, it is difficult to defend rights. "Moreover, the cost of testing is too high, and it is unrealistic for consumers to test whether they are exported immediately after signing for it."

　　Lawyer Liu reminded consumers to buy genuine mobile phones through official channels and keep invoices, warranty cards and other rights protection certificates. In addition, consumers should pay attention to the restrictive clauses in the warranty policy of the merchants. If there are quality problems, they should go to the designated maintenance outlets for testing during the warranty period.

　　On April 27th, after Sina Guangdong Express complained and intervened in mediation, Mr. Huang, a consumer, reported that after consultation with Huawei, he could go to Guangzhou Victoria Plaza, a Huawei customer service center, to repair his mobile phone for free. The consumer accepted this solution and completed the free maintenance on April 29th. After replacement, the mobile phone resumed normal use.

Consumers feedback that Huawei's official repair outlets have repaired their mobile phones for free.

　　(Sina Guangdong GDTS02)

　　Recommended reading:

　　The warranty of Panasonic TV screen is rejected due to quality problems. Manufacturer: Abnormal invoice.

　　If the mobile phone is defective, change the screen and meet the rules. Xiaomi: Change it only after 3 or more bad points.

China Short Video Development Report in 2023

[Abstract] In 2023, the short video industry in China entered a stage of deep development after rapid development and innovation. The supporting industrial chain of the whole industry tends to be mature, and the emerging forms such as network micro-short dramas are growing explosively. The deepening of vertical segmentation has promoted the popularity of short videos of cultural tourism, and the improvement of live e-commerce has accelerated the commercialization process of short video industry. At the same time, after entering the stock maintenance, the competition in the short video industry has intensified, industry chaos has occurred frequently, and copyright infringement has become an urgent problem to be solved. Facing the future, the development of short video industry shows the trend of quality turning, national creation and social expansion, and short video will gradually become an important force in social construction.

[Keywords:] short video micro-short drama commercialization of the whole people

【 Chinese Library Classification Number 】 G206 【 Document Identification Code 】 a

【DOI】10.16619/j.cnki.rmltxsqy.2024.16.009

[Author Brief Introduction] Huang Chuxin, vice president, professor and doctoral supervisor of School of Journalism and Communication, China Academy of Social Sciences, secretary general and researcher of New Media Research Center, China Academy of Social Sciences. The research direction is new media communication and media integration. His major works include Evolution and Reconstruction: the Present Situation and Trend of IPTV Development in China, New Media: Micro-communication and Media Integration Development, and New Media: Integration and Development.

　

Hot Spots in Short Video Industry

In 2023, the short video industry in China entered a mature period and a deep development period from an outbreak period and a transition period on the basis of standardization of policy guidance, stabilization of market scale, maturity of content ecology and diversification of industrial structure. On the basis of the growth of user scale and the improvement of industrial chain, the mainstream media short videos are constantly innovating, and new forms such as network micro-short dramas are emerging. Short videos are gradually deepened in the vertical segmentation field and effectively combined with the cultural tourism industry to promote the wide spread of the city image. Under the multiple influences of policies, users and technologies, the commercialization process of short video industry is also accelerating.

The growth rate of user scale has slowed down, and the supporting industrial chain has matured. According to the 53rd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China issued by China Internet Network Information Center, as of December 2023, the number of online video users in China reached 1.067 billion, including 1.053 billion short video users, an increase of 41.45 million over the same period in 2022, accounting for 96.4% of the total netizens. [1] Although the scale of users has continued to grow, its growth rate has gradually slowed down, and the dividend of user growth has gradually subsided, and the industry has truly entered the era of stock competition. While the growth of user scale is slowing down, the stickiness of short video users is increasing. In 2023, the average daily usage time of short video will reach 151 minutes, especially the head effect of short video application platforms, with Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker accounting for 95.3% of the total share. [2] Short video platform provides rich content supply and diverse scene experiences for network users, thus promoting the continuous growth of network users and driving the expansion of the whole industry. According to the survey data of Mob Research Institute, the short video market scale was nearly 300 billion yuan in 2023. In the network audio-visual industry market covering content creation, network audio, network live broadcast and integrated video, the short video market accounted for 40.3%, and the market scale was 292.83 billion yuan. [3]

On the basis of expanding market scale, the supporting industrial chain of short video has gradually matured, covering upstream content production end, midstream platform publishing end and downstream user group terminals, forming a "production — Distribution — The industrial closed loop of consumption. At the upstream content production end, it mainly includes the head short video platform, mainstream media short video production, MCN(Multi-Channel Network) institutions, individual users and other multi-production entities. In November 2023, Tik Tok launched a video content payment test to explore a new content realization model; The WeChat video number also activated the content ecology through high-quality original content and recreational activities, and the monthly release number of head creators increased by 55.6%. [4] At the same time, the creators’ ecology of short video platforms is increasingly diversified. On the Tik Tok platform, the number of active talents continues to grow, and the proportion of pan-life talents has increased significantly. At the release end of the mid-stream platform, it mainly includes the head platforms such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, and Bi Li, and there are also short video platforms with social media attributes such as the newly emerging WeChat video number. In the downstream user group terminal, China’s short video user group still shows a rapid growth trend. Among the people who have gained more than 1 million fans on Tik Tok platform in 2023, the account types are mostly life and entertainment, and the types of fan groups are constantly expanding. Multi-dimensional precipitation of users has become an important way for short video platforms to obtain traffic.[5] The integrity and maturity of the short video industry chain cannot be separated from the interaction and integration of upstream, midstream and downstream. In particular, MCN institutions are deeply involved in the production and distribution of short videos, UGC (user-generated content) and PGC (professional-generated content) are gradually integrated, PUGC (professional-user-generated content) is gradually layered, KOL (key opinion leader) model is innovated, the vertical segmentation of short video platforms is improved, and the industrial modules such as news information, social interaction and entertainment are expanded and opened, which makes short video platforms gradually embedded into the social industrial structure in the form of media.

The mainstream value boutique creation, the network micro-short drama becomes the main position. Micro-short plays and short plays have emerged on short video platforms, and they have quickly become a new force in network audio-visual with their light weight, short period and people-friendly plot design. In 2023, the industry scale and development enthusiasm of micro-short plays increased rapidly, and the market of micro-short plays in China showed a hot trend, with all kinds of themes, creative subjects, user groups and industries around micro-short plays achieving a spurt growth. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of national policies and the participation of mainstream media, micro-short plays have moved from early entertainment to mainstream, and gradually developed in the direction of quality, specialization and systematization, becoming the main position of ecological construction of network content.

In terms of market scale, network miniseries show a rapid growth trend. According to the data of China Micro-short Drama Market Research Report from 2023 to 2024, the market size of China’s online micro-short drama was 37.39 billion yuan in 2023, up by 267.65% year-on-year, and it is expected to reach 100.68 billion yuan in 2027. In the third quarter of 2023, the official circulation of online micro-short drama reached 150, nearly twice the total in 2022. [6] According to the latest data from the Research Report on the Development of Internet Audiovisual in China (2024), there were 384 key online mini-dramas in 2023, more than double the number in 2022 (172). [7] Judging from the current market situation of miniseries, most miniseries in short video platforms revolve around themes such as crossing and love, and are mostly adapted from online literature, with centralized content themes. From the broadcasting platform of miniseries, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are in the leading position. In 2023, the average daily users of mini-dramas in Aauto Quicker were 270 million, and the cumulative broadcast volume of mini-dramas in the whole year was as high as 8.6 billion. At the same time, the "Xingmang Short Drama Plan" was launched; Tik Tok Platform has launched the "New Short Drama Plan" and other incentive projects for institutions and talents, creating an ecological environment for the production of short dramas, and driving short dramas has become an important way for short video platforms to increase revenue. In the profit model of miniseries, most miniseries are mainly divided into platforms.Followed by advertising placement, single episode payment and small program payment, e-commerce live broadcast, IP derivative sales and so on. [8] In addition to Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, other online audio-visual platforms have also entered the mini-short drama market and launched support plans for mini-short dramas (such as "Ten Theater" launched by Tencent Video). From the user level of miniseries, the user stickiness of miniseries is in a period of rapid growth in 2023. According to the survey data, the proportion of users who often watch miniseries is as high as 39.9%, and 31.9% of them have paid for miniseries. [9]

Micro-short plays quickly became popular in the field of network audio-visual by virtue of their low input cost and attracting many users. In addition to Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and other short video platforms, relevant state functional departments have also begun to give positive guidance to mini-dramas, and mainstream media have invested in the development, production and dissemination of mini-dramas. As early as 2022, the State Administration of Radio and Television set up a special program of "network miniseries" in the annual selection activity of excellent online audiovisual works, and in January 2024, it issued a creative plan of "traveling with miniseries", proposing to create and broadcast 100 miniseries with excellent themes in 2024, and promoting a group of entities to follow the popularity of miniseries [10], through "miniseries+" In the mainstream media, CCTV and CCTV planned to launch large-scale projects such as China Mini-short Drama Conference and China Mini-short Drama Festival, and Mango TV "Big Mang Project" launched many excellent mini-short dramas, among which "Aunt’s World New Year’s Eve" was broadcast on Hunan Satellite TV, with an average audience rating of 0.19%, ranking first among provincial satellite TV stations at the same time, further promoting the effective interaction between mini-short dramas and TV screens. After the mainstream media joined, the theme of online mini-dramas gradually moved from traditional entertainment and crossing to mainstream and boutique.Including the story of Gaobeidian, which reflects the theme of rural revitalization, the bone whistle of Hemudu, which was jointly developed by the Central Radio and Television General Station and Ningbo Radio and Television Group, and the secret between us, which is a city roaming TV series launched by Mango TV, etc., it shows that the theme content and theme range of miniseries have changed from traditional online literature to focusing on realistic themes, and then the realistic themes gradually occupy the mainstream, and the network miniseries are gradually moving towards a new development track of spreading mainstream values.

The vertical segmentation has gradually deepened, and the short video of the travel has continued to be popular. 2023 is a year of economic recovery and development after the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, and it is also a year of cultural tourism industry recovery and accelerated recovery in China. In March, 2023, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the Opinions of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Online Travel Market, proposing "to promote the digital marketing of online travel and support online travel operators to carry out online travel exhibition activities by using webcasting and short video platforms … … Promote new progress in rural revitalization, cultural and tourism integration, civilized tourism and tourism public services. " [11] Under the background of economic recovery, accelerated social mobility, increasing consumer confidence and increasingly frequent travel, China’s cultural tourism industry has shown new growth. Driven by the short video platform, the "Village Super" event in Guizhou helped the development of cultural tourism, the "special forces tourism" of college students helped Zibo barbecue become the top stream, Tianjin "Diving Uncle" took fire to Tianjin Lion Forest Bridge scenic spot, and "Southern Potato" ventured into Harbin, and other cultural tourism industries were presented, which quickly became a network landscape.

With the help of short video and other online audio-visual platforms, the cultural tourism industry presents the effect of interaction between offline experience and online experience. At the same time, the technology empowerment of "5G+smart cultural tourism" has effectively promoted online consumption, rural consumption and scene expansion. For example, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Heilongjiang Province launched the small program "Play Longjiang with One Click" and actively explored the innovation of online travel forms. The Research Report on the Development of Internet Audio-visual in China (2024) shows that in 2023, 44.4% of Internet audio-visual users often watch short videos of tourism/scenery, which is 16.3 percentage points higher than that in 2022, and 27.9% of users "will travel somewhere because of watching short videos/live broadcasts". [12] With the help of policy guidance, industrial expansion, scene marketing, platform boosting and user participation, innovative travel modes such as short video platform, e-commerce platform and social media have accelerated development, effectively stimulating users’ willingness to travel. Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker have launched various programs to support cultural tourism creators. Through topic flow support, innovative marketing methods, shaping the image of city brands and network celebrities, attracting mainstream media and pushing authoritative information released by cultural tourism departments, they have gathered social multi-subjects, such as platforms, users, talents, cultural tourism enterprises and new government media, to jointly build an ecological system of cultural tourism content.

On this basis, many enterprises have also entered the cultural tourism industry through live broadcast with goods and "immersive" cultural tourism live broadcast. In July, 2023, New Oriental announced the development of cultural tourism and the establishment of cultural tourism company. Oriental selection live broadcast room promotes the rapid popularity of cultural travel mode on short video platform through topic participation, travel recommendation and live broadcast of talents. The layout of short video platform shows different emphases in the cultural tourism industry. For example, through the form of "topic+live broadcast", Tik Tok cooperates with cultural tourism institutions, scenic spots and hotels to attract users to purchase products and services on the Tik Tok platform; Aauto Quicker combines the market culture to create regional hotspots. According to the statistics in October 2023, the number of literary works created by Aauto Quicker increased by 42% year-on-year; Deeply cultivate young people’s preferences and combine multiple IP with cultural tourism, and the number of cultural tourism works increased by 64% year-on-year; Xiaohongshu aggregates young people through scene raiders to create an online "encyclopedia of cultural travel"; Wechat video number promotes product transformation through the combination of "live broadcast+private domain traffic". [13] Generally speaking, the combination of short video industry and cultural tourism industry has become a hot phenomenon in 2023, and different short video platforms are exploring new development models with their own superior resources, user groups and content resources.

Live e-commerce helps consumption, and the commercialization process of the platform is accelerated. After the COVID-19 epidemic, "short video+live broadcast" has become an important media way to stimulate consumption in society, and the commercialization process of short video platform has also been accelerated. According to the Research Report on the Development of Internet Audiovisual in China (2024), in 2023, 71.2% of internet users bought goods by watching short videos or live broadcasts, over 40% of them thought that short videos and live broadcasts had become their main consumption channels, and 53.7% of internet users often watched live broadcasts of e-commerce or live broadcasts with goods. [14] According to the data of Tik Tok platform, its popular live broadcast related products usually cover fast-moving consumer goods such as food and beverage, beauty, fresh food, etc. Among the popular live broadcast rooms, 43% live broadcast rooms belong to live broadcast with goods [15], which is closely related to live broadcast e-commerce. With the increasing penetration and driving force of short videos to various industries and industries in society, the diversification trend of live e-commerce has also become increasingly apparent. In 2023, there were more than 800 new four-level categories in Tik Tok platform. The vertical subdivision of categories expanded the diversified consumer demand of network users. The diversification of e-commerce products and the diversification of user demand formed a fit relationship, which jointly promoted the commercialization process of short video platforms.

At the same time, the business model and profit structure of short video platform are also influenced by relevant policies, user groups and digital technology. First of all, the development of live e-commerce industry and short video platform cannot be separated from the support of policies and regulations and effective supervision. In recent years, various relevant departments in China have issued a number of policies and regulations to regulate the live broadcast e-commerce, with a view to promoting the live broadcast e-commerce industry to gradually enter a standardized development stage. Secondly, the strong penetration effect of short video users has cultivated a large number of consumers for the commercial development of live e-commerce industry and short video platform. By the end of December 2023, the number of live e-commerce users in China has reached 597 million, accounting for 54.7% of the total netizens. [16] Live e-commerce has become one of the important channels for online users to buy goods. Finally, digital technology leads the live e-commerce industry to digital and intelligent transformation. The empowerment of technology is reflected in the whole process of live broadcast, such as AI algorithm price comparison before live broadcast, intelligent product selection, intelligent advertising, and AIGC (Generative Artificial Intelligence) to generate product selling point copy, etc. In live broadcast, AI digital people are used to realize live broadcast data visualization and real-time monitoring of product data, and after live broadcast, intelligent means are used to evaluate, analyze and feedback, predict product sales trends, and analyze consumer behavior. [17]

Under the influence of multiple factors such as policy guidance, user demand and technology empowerment, the commercialization of short video platforms has gradually accelerated, which has also promoted the innovative development of short video platforms and e-commerce platforms. In February, 2023, Aauto Quicker E-commerce put forward the development direction of "global operation", and put forward two aspects: content planting grassland with "short video+live broadcast" as the core and pan-shelf field with "search+mall" as the core. [18] In 2023, Tik Tok mainly focused on e-commerce and local life, and served the social life of the general public through short videos, live broadcasts to help farmers and other comprehensive formats. Through the "Chuanliu Plan", the barriers of live broadcast of talent distribution and independent live broadcast of brands were eliminated, and the integrated marketing innovation of "talent+brand+platform" was realized. At the same time, in the process of the short video industry from "two giants" to "two super-strong", the live e-commerce model of WeChat video number achieved remarkable results in 2023. The data shows that the live delivery scale of WeChat video number in 2023 increased significantly year-on-year, and the growth of GMV (total transaction amount) was nearly three times that of 2022, forming a business model of "e-commerce+advertising". [19] In addition, the traditional e-commerce platform has accelerated the effective integration with the short video industry.For example, in early 2024, the person in charge of content ecology in JD.COM said that 1 billion cash and 1 billion traffic would be used as rewards to implement the "creator incentive plan" to subsidize talents in 20 short video creation fields, such as 3C digital, household appliances and furniture, maternal and child, fashion and so on [20].

Difficulties and challenges faced by short video industry

In the process of communication mode expansion, industrial chain improvement and business model innovation, the short video industry in 2023 ushered in new development opportunities. With the mature and in-depth development stage, the short video industry is also facing multiple dilemmas in the systematic and diversified development. Faced with the transformation of social structure, diverse user needs and changeable market environment, the short video industry has some problems, such as intensified competition among multi-platform and seizing market share. At the same time, due to the development of AIGC, it is a general trend for intelligent technology to empower short video innovation, and the infringement and copyright chaos caused by technology application are increasingly prominent. On this basis, the national industry supervision policy on short videos has gradually tightened.

Competition for short video platforms has intensified. Compared with the development momentum of the two short video head platforms in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker in the previous two years, commercial platforms such as WeChat video number and mainstream media platforms such as CCTV video have gradually matured, platforms such as Bili Bili and Xiaohongshu have gradually emerged by means of circle communication, and traditional network audio-visual platforms such as iQiyi and traditional e-commerce platforms such as JD.COM have laid out short video fields one after another. In 2023, the platform pattern of short video industry will show a development trend of "two super and more powerful". By virtue of their own content advantages, user advantages or technical advantages, various platforms strive for users, data and other resources through vertical segmentation, differentiated layout, mainstream focus, etc., thus forming a situation in which the competition among multi-parties of short video platforms is intensified.

According to Tencent’s financial report in the second quarter of 2023, users of WeChat video number use for more than 50 minutes a day, which is more than half of the main station in Tik Tok, and it is still growing rapidly. Based on the port advantage of WeChat video number, the number of users accumulated by WeChat gradually depends on the video number, which poses a certain challenge for short video platforms to tap the incremental groups of users in third-and fourth-tier cities and silver-aged users. At the same time, after years of development and accumulation, the traditional short video platform has gradually developed based on its content advantages. According to the data of enterprise research platform, nearly 30% of users in Tik Tok and 40% of users in Aauto Quicker think that the homogenization of short video content is more serious. Many Internet experts or short video bloggers have the situation of "making once and handling many times", that is, a content product is repeated, distributed and spread on different short video platforms for many times, and it is not changed according to the development and characteristics of the platforms. From the short video communication of mainstream media, news content and authoritative information of some mainstream media also exist the phenomenon of multi-platform distribution and communication. In the face of intensified competition in the industry environment, the production capacity of many MCN institutions is becoming increasingly weak, which leads to the homogenization tendency of content. It can be seen that from platforms, media, institutions to users, the multi-creative subjects in the short video content ecology are in a weak state in different degrees in the competition. In addition to the increasing content competition, the business development of multi-party entities has also entered the deep-water competition area. In 2023, the live broadcast e-commerce re-emerged, and the live broadcast e-commerce on platforms such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker accelerated their layout.Continue to exert strength in terms of talent, content, traffic, interaction and service. However, in this process, it also brings about some related problems, such as chaotic commodity prices, frequent quality problems, low prices on different platforms, too many live advertisements, mixed content, declining brand effect and reduced user experience.

The chaos in the short video industry is prominent. In recent years, with the vigorous development of short video, its comprehensive management has also achieved remarkable results. However, due to the intensified competition of short video platforms, there have been some problems in terms of information content, value orientation and business tendency. Due to the deviation of value orientation, some short video bloggers shoot and produce short videos by designing scenes, posing and faking, deliberately fabricating and other forms to attract traffic and gain users’ attention. Short videos such as "Give instant noodles to the hospitalized mother-in-law" at the end of 2023 and "Qin Lang lost her homework" at the beginning of 2024 have aroused widespread concern in different degrees. These false short videos have attracted public attention and discussion in a conflicting and dramatic way, which has affected the public’s correct judgment to some extent, challenged the bottom line of moral civilization, and even induced social contradictions, resulting in conflicts between social prejudice and public value cognition. With the rise of the live broadcast mode of short video platform, many vulgar and "marginal" contents have appeared one after another. For example, some bloggers adopt meaningless live broadcast forms such as "soft pornography", showing off their figure, exaggerating and showing off their wealth, and vulgar PK, engaging in the production and dissemination of bad content, and even touching the legal red line, which has seriously affected the content ecology and value orientation of short video platform.

In 2023, the relevant departments of the central government promoted the comprehensive management of the short video industry from many aspects such as laws and regulations, policy standards and industry supervision. In 2023, the Central Network Information Office launched a series of "Clear and Clear" special rectification actions, all of which focused on short videos, focusing on rectifying "spreading false information, displaying improper behaviors, spreading wrong ideas and other chaos": in March, focusing on short video platforms, cracking down on prominent problems such as rumors, counterfeiting and illegal profits; In July, the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Self-media was issued, clarifying the requirements of "standardizing the labeling of information sources" and "labeling fictitious content or controversial information"; In September and December, the chaos in the field of short video, such as the loss of value orientation and the frequent occurrence of bad content, was rectified. [21] On the whole, the short video industry has been on the track of paying equal attention to development and supervision. Due to the constant changes in digital technology, media forms and innovative subjects, the problems in the development of short video have become the key regulatory content of the network audio-visual industry, and the multiple supervision of the subject, platform and industry of short video is gradually improving.

Infringements occur frequently in the field of short videos. From the characteristics of infringement in the network audio-visual industry, short video infringement is more manifested as copyright infringement. Due to the quantification and fragmentation of short video content creation and the diversification of content creation subjects, it is difficult and controversial to define the copyright ownership of short video. At the same time, due to the weak awareness of rights protection of relevant subjects, an effective short video copyright protection mechanism has not really been formed, and short video copyright disputes occur frequently. How to promote the short video industry to form a good awareness of copyright protection and promote the formation of a scientific and effective rights protection system has a long way to go.

In the short video format, due to the use of intelligent algorithms, AI video generation and other means, a large number of TV dramas edited without permission, copying other users’ content, "secondary creation" and so on are increasing, and short video head bloggers’ works and popular film and television variety works have become the "hardest hit" for infringement. There are many forms of short video copyright infringement, including unauthorized publication of works without the permission of the copyright owner, adaptation of works without the permission of the copyright owner and profit from online communication. With the rise of Sora and other technical applications, the network audio-visual works generated by artificial intelligence will also pose a risk of infringement on the copyright of existing short video content. In view of the copyright infringement of short videos, the National Copyright Administration and other departments are also constantly cracking down on the chaos of infringement and piracy through industry supervision. In 2023, the National Copyright Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Internet Information Office jointly launched the special campaign "Jianwang 2023" to crack down on online infringement and piracy, and proposed to strengthen the copyright protection of the whole chain of works with the focus on online videos, online news and audio books, and promote the establishment of a good network ecology; At the same time, we will carry out in-depth copyright supervision of key video websites (APP), focusing on rectifying short video infringement.

Prospect of short video development trend

The development of media ecology, the change of media pattern and the change of users’ needs all put forward new requirements for the development of short video. Especially in the process of deep media integration and the construction of all-media communication system, mainstream media and short video platforms compete and interact, and short video has also changed from extensive production to quality production and mainstream production. With the expansion of users’ media contact channels and the improvement of content production capacity, the popular creation and sharing of short videos has gradually become a trend. On this basis, short video will also move from media to industrialization, and integrate media logic and industrial logic into social construction, becoming an indispensable and important force for social development.

Boutique turn. With the change of users’ demand for online audio-visual content products, high-quality, high-quality and personalized content production has become the future direction of short video development. Short video provides a new path for the transformation and upgrading of the network audio-visual industry and becomes an important force for the deep integration of media. It is an inevitable trend for short video to turn into high-quality products, which is mainly manifested in the following three aspects: First, the short video industry will gradually shift from incremental market to stock market, which will promote Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and other platforms to upgrade and optimize the traditional content structure, eliminate vulgar information and low-quality content, and create a new ecology of content production through comprehensive management of the industry; Second, mainstream media and online audio-visual platforms, such as CCTV, Sichuan Watch, Elephant News, Mango TV, iQiyi, Tencent and other platforms and clients, have provided users with high-quality, professional and high-quality content products; Third, network experts and "grassroots" creations are gradually becoming professional, and short videos are gradually moving from pan-entertainment to pan-knowledge, mainstreaming and value.

In recent years, the national radio, television and network audio-visual industries have innovatively implemented the short video "first screen first push" project, and the creation of short videos in the fields of excellent cultural heritage, theoretical propaganda and interpretation, series of theme propaganda, mainstream value communication and so on has become increasingly prosperous, and the production of short video masterpieces has gradually become the vane of the industry. In 2023, the Central Radio and Television General Station promoted the high-quality development of short videos with authoritative, objective, accurate and true comments, and built an evaluation system of short videos with the brand of "Elephant Dance Index", focusing on five aspects: content production level, information aggregation level, technology leading level, user service level and platform operation level, and accurately evaluating short videos’ ability in content originality and production quality, which also promoted other mainstream media and networks.

Popular creation. Relevant data show that in 2023, the average daily usage time of short videos reached 151 minutes, accounting for about one tenth of people’s daily life time. One of the important reasons for the continuous improvement of short video users’ stickiness lies in the continuous expansion of the field of short video content creation, from traditional pan-entertainment to pan-knowledge and pan-life, involving content and categories with multi-level needs such as people’s life, study and travel.

At present, users of short video platforms are no longer satisfied with watching and commenting, but are keen on creating and sharing as subjects. The empowerment of digital technology and the popularity of various production and sharing apps have greatly lowered the threshold for users to participate in short video creation. In the fragmented time and scene, users gradually changed from "brushing short videos" to "making short videos". At the same time, the professional creative groups of short videos are also expanding. The number of creators who benefit from short video creation has been growing steadily for many years, and the proportion of professional creators in the total number of creators has gradually increased, which has further promoted the creative enthusiasm of ordinary netizens. In this process, the decentralized feature of short video content creation has become increasingly prominent, and the enthusiasm of users to participate in creation has been continuously improved. Short video has become an important form for ordinary people to record their lives and express themselves [22], and will gradually build a network landscape created and shared by all people.

Socialization and expansion. At present, short video is no longer limited to a new media form or a new media platform, but has become a media ecosystem in which multiple elements such as media, media, technology and platform fully interact. As an emerging audio-visual communication format based on the mobile Internet scene, short video has become an important channel and means for the general public to receive information and carry out social communication. At the same time, the short video and the political, cultural, economic and other elements in the social system are widely interacted and integrated, and gradually developed into a competitive industry, and its value chain and innovation chain are continuously extended through network audio-visual to speed up its layout in diversified industries.

In the future, short video will gradually become an important driving force in the social industrial structure. Driven by digitalization and intelligence, it will gradually become the main engine of the audio-visual industry, and will be fully linked and integrated into the social system through media mode, immersion mode and embedded structure, and will be accurately connected with all aspects of politics, economy, culture and social life through data, audio-visual and services, so as to continuously empower social and economic development and promote the digital transformation of social industries. On the one hand, the short video platform will be deeply integrated into the localized life service of the city, and closely integrated with the lives of grassroots people through live broadcast and e-commerce, providing a new experience of "short video+service". On the other hand, the short video platform will meet the national strategy and social needs, actively serve the regional strategy, help rural revitalization, and provide innovative means and methods for agricultural products sales, rural spiritual civilization construction and grassroots cultural communication in the vast rural areas in the form of "short video+new farmers", "short video+helping agriculture" and "live broadcast+helping agriculture". At the same time, the modes of "short video+cultural tourism" and "live broadcast+cultural tourism" are deeply explored to provide media-driven and technology-driven for the cultural tourism industry through media.

(This paper is the phased achievement of the funding plan of "Dengfeng Plan" for discipline construction of China Academy of Social Sciences, with the project number: DF2023YS40).

annotate

[1][16] China Internet Network Information Center: "The 53rd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China", March 22, 2024, https://www.cnnic.net.cn/n4/2024/0322/c88-10964.html.

[2] [7] [9] [12] [14] The Research Report on the Development of Network Audiovisual in China (2024) was released in Rong, http://www.cnsa.cn/art/2024/3/28/art_1977_43660.html on March 28th, 2024.

[3]Mob Research Institute: Short Video Industry Research Report in 2023, https://www.mob.com/mobdata/report/178, June 30, 2023.

[4] Xinbang Research Institute: Xinbang Research Institute: Mid-year Development Report of 2023 WeChat Video Number, https://www.dydata.io/datastore/detail/2334569092851306496/, November 10, 2023.

[5][15] Flying Melon Data: Annual Report |2023 Short Video Live and E-commerce Ecological Report, January 31, 2024, https://www.feigua.cn/article/detail/811.html.

[6] Ai Media Consulting: "2023– Https://www.iimedia.cn/c400/97005.html, November 22, 2023, A Research Report on the Micro-short Drama Market in China in 2024.

[8] He Hongyuan: "Stephen Chow," Transformation "Miniature Plays", "21st century business herald", January 31, 2024, the 10th edition.

[10] State Administration of Radio and Television: Notice of the General Office of the State Administration of Radio and Television on Launching the Creative Plan of "Traveling with Miniature Plays", https://www.nrta.gov.cn/art/2024/1/12/art_113_66599.html, January 12, 2024.

[11] Opinions of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on Promoting the High-quality Development of Online Tourism Market, March 24, 2023, https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-03/28/content _ 5748755.htm.

[13] Xinbang Research Institute: "Xinbang Research Institute |2023 Annual Insight Report on Cultural Tourism", January 31, 2024, https://file.digitizing.com/eimg/uiages/20240112/1705041869784034.pdf.

[17] iResearch: "China Live E-commerce Industry Research Report in 2023", https://www.iresearch.com.cn/Detail/report?, February 29, 2024. id=4316&isfree=0。

[18] Li Kunkun: "Short video in 2023: overall acceleration of commercialization", December 29, 2023, http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv135243241264.

[19] Zhang Yangyang: "The live broadcast GMV of WeChat video number will increase by 300% in 2023, and it is planned to do so in 2024", January 11, 2024, https://www.cls.cn/detail/1568485.

[20] "https://app.myzaker.com/news/article.php?, April 12, 2024", "JD.COM invested heavily, 1 billion incoming short videos". m=1712998732&pk=6618f9098e9f092d367fb51c。

[21] Wen Lijuan: "In 2023, the regulatory storm swept the short video industry — — Clean up the chaotic images such as wiping the yellow screen and posing, and purify the network audio-visual space, Rule of Law Daily, December 31, 2023, 1st edition.

[22] Chang Xiangping: "Short video accelerates digital transformation in many fields — — Interview with Zhu Yannan, Director of the Development Research Center of the State Administration of Radio and Television, China Press, Publication, Radio and Television, March 5, 2024, 6th edition.

Report on the Development of China’s Short Video in 2023

Huang Chuxin

Abstract: In 2023, China’s short video industry has entered a stage of deep development after rapid development and quality improvement innovation. The supporting indust rial chain of the whole industry tends to mature, new forms such as network micro-short dramas have shown explosive growth, the deepening of vertical segmentation fields has brought the popularity of short video of cultural travel, and the improvement of live e-commerce has also promoted the commercialization process of short video industry. Meanwhile, after entering the stock maintenance, the competition in the short video industry intensifies, the industry chaos become frequent, short video copyright infringement phenomenon has become an urgent problem to be solved. Facing the future, the development of short video industry also shows a hot trend of turning to quality, national creation and social expansion, and short video has gradually become an important force in social construction.

Keywords: short video, micro-short dramas, commercialization, popularization

Original Yuan Wah on Bruce Lee： I tried to sneak up on him behind his back, but I was almost broken by a rib.

When Yuan Wah was interviewed by reporters, he talked about the two most important partners in his life. He said:The two most important partners in my life are Bruce Lee and Stephen Chow. Bruce Lee made me famous in Hongkong, and Stephen Chow gave me food in the most difficult time.

Then Yuan Wah sighed with a little regret: Bruce Lee just left too early

Indeed, as a member of the "Seven Little Happiness" in Hong Kong, although Yuan Wah’s achievements are not as good as those of his big brothers Sammo Hung and Jackie Chan, his popularity is not inferior to that of the two. Yuan Wah is also one of the few Hong Kong action actors, and his martial arts are unique. Unlike Sammo Hung and Jackie Chan, Yuan Wah’s martial arts are light and elegant, coupled with his thin and strong body, so he was later selected as body double in Bruce Lee.

In the 1970s, Kung Fu movies exploded in Hong Kong, which was largely due to Bruce Lee. From "Big Brother in Tangshan" to later films such as Jingwumen and Crossing the River, Bruce Lee brought China Kung Fu with him and spread it all over the world.

At that time, Yuan Wah was only an ordinary "Dragon and Tiger Martial Master" in Hong Kong. In 1972, the film "Jingwumen" started shooting in Hong Kong. As a group performance, Yuan Wah played his first screen role, a Japanese who pointed at Bruce Lee and kept mocking. Although Yuan Wah was only 20 years old at that time, his acting skills were really good, especially after wearing kimono, which made the audience feel disgusted without makeup.

It is precisely because of this play that Bruce Lee is very fond of Yuan Wah. At that time, it was not easy for the film circle to find an actor with both acting skills and kung fu. So a few years later, Bruce Lee filmed the film enter the dragon and invited him to be his own body double.

Yuan Wah is known as the king of somersaults in the "Seven Little Blessings", and his specialty is somersaults, which is also Bruce Lee’s shortcoming. Because his martial arts pays more attention to actual combat, Bruce Lee rarely somersaults and his movements are not so beautiful, so in most movies, as long as it is a somersault scene, Yuan Wah basically does it for him.

Because of frequent contact, Bruce Lee and Yuan Wah almost became friends. When they were resting on the set, they often exchanged countless experiences. Bruce Lee once taught Yuan Wah some martial arts moves privately, and the other party mastered them quickly, and even used them to sneak attack Bruce Lee soon.

Once, after Yuan Wah finished filming, he attacked Bruce Lee from the back on the set and saved the other’s thigh. I didn’t expect Bruce Lee’s reaction to be very rapid, so he subconsciously waved his fist out. If he didn’t stop in time, Yuan Wah’s ribs were estimated to be broken. After seeing the sneak attack, Bruce Lee immediately warned Yuan Wah.Don’t joke like this again.

Because anyone who practices martial arts for a long time has an instinctive reaction, even out of the control of his brain. Sometimes, if he is attacked, his body will react automatically, which is likely to hurt others.

After the film was finished, Bruce Lee and Yuan Wah met for the last time at the airport. The other side attached great importance to Yuan Wah’s future and invited him to Hollywood. Unfortunately, no one expected that just one year later, Bruce Lee died suddenly in Hong Kong at the age of 32.

Some people say that if Bruce Lee had not passed away, Yuan Wah’s development today might have been better than Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung’s, or at least it would not have fallen into a situation where there was almost no drama to shoot later. However, for Yuan Wah, it was a rare experience to be able to get in touch with Bruce Lee and become friends with each other. At least Stephen Chow had been envious of Yuan Wah’s work in body double, Bruce Lee.

What do you think of Yuan Wah and Bruce Lee?

Editor in charge:

August is here, and the best time for you to see Miyazaki Hayao is here.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network It has officially entered August, and the hot weather has gradually turned into autumn. Have the hearts of fat friends drifted with the autumn wind? Is it like Xiao Dianjun, people have not moved, but their hearts have already drifted far away ~

Your heart is not as moving as your legs!

　 　 I’m sorry if I don’t travel (put) or swim (vertically) in such weather, but the anchor sister who broadcasts the weather forecast every day! What? Are you still traveling in the third dimension? ! It’s better to break the wall of the second dimension with the traveler Xiao Dianjun, and enter the world of the second dimension, spinning and jumping with your eyes open!

Then we will choose to follow in the footsteps of Miyazaki Hayao at the first stop!

　 　 The reason why the Miyazaki Hayao series was chosen as the first stop was because the old man’s films can be said to be the benchmark of Japanese animated films. The reason for becoming a benchmark is not only the imaginative plot, but also the accurate conception and grasp of the beautiful scene by the old man.

　 　 But those seemingly beautiful scenes that don’t exist actually exist in this three-dimensional world! Hurry up and walk with Xiaobian, who is known as the "live map of the scene"!

— — Kagoshima yakushima

["The places that I can’t reach are called distant places, and the world that I can’t go back is called hometown. What I have been longing for is a place farther than the distance." 】

　 　 Fat friends who are familiar with Miyazaki Hayao must know that the old man’s films have been devoted to the discussion of the theme of man and nature, so many scenes are full of natural flavor, such as the Ghost Princess, which is full of green screen — —

　 　 Although the heroine Shan is human, she grows in the forest, blends in with the forest, and protects the forest from human destruction. In the role of man and nature, she is in a gray area, representing both human and forest — —

　 　 The forest that the hostess grew up and loved is located in the world heritage area of Yakushima, Kagoshima. As the earliest world heritage in Japan, there are Chinese fir trees that have survived for thousands of years, and there is no trace of industry in the forest area, which also makes it a sacred place in the minds of many Japanese.

　 　 Because of the fire of Princess Ghost, it also promoted the tourism industry of Yakushima, which attracted the attention of the government. It not only specifically divided the shooting area, but also designed the pilgrimage route of Princess Ghost — —

　 　 Follow the route, you can go straight to the moss forest of the ghost princess, and wait for your white wolf god in the hole — —

— — Saitama Laishan Park

["Some troubles, if you lose them, you will have a chance." 】

　 　 I just ask if everyone wants to have their own totoro just like Xiao Dianjun! There is a cute expression and a fleshy stomach. If you can choose to lie on his stomach all day, don’t move your nest ~

　 　 It may not be easy to get a totoro that big, but if you want to go to the forest of totoro, you can just leave ~

　 　 　The location of the shooting is in the narrow mountain park in Saitama. Just like Princess Ghost, after the fire of My Neighbor Totoro, the government also strongly supported the tourism industry, and simply renamed this forest as the Totoro Forest, which was promoted to the absolute Totoro Holy Land in the hearts of fans!

　 　 　Walk hand in hand with your beloved in the fresh and pleasant forest, stay away from the hustle and bustle of the city, sink down and enjoy the beautiful nature ~ Maybe you will see a lovely totoro at the next intersection ~

The Witch’s Home Help — — Stockholm

["Only one person can hear his own voice when traveling, and it will tell you that the world is wider than expected." 】

　 　 As the first feature film co-produced by Miyazaki Hayao and Disney Company, The Witch’s Home Help has made great innovations in style. Not only does the location add a touch of Nordic style, but the topic selection has also shifted from the discussion of man and nature to the growth process of adolescent girls ~

　 　 　Qiqi, the witch, rides a broom around the town in the film, and meets many interesting people and things in the process of being a courier. Through these experiences, she has grown into a more independent girl paper ~

I have to say, this main line is really too stupid. Shi. Ni. Yes.



　 　 The town near the sea where Kiki is located in the film is in Stockholm, Sweden. Because the city is built along the coast, it is also known as the "water capital". The urban buildings are low and square, with a strong Nordic style ~

　 　 　The scene in the film basically reproduces the miniature of the town, of course, the highest and most obvious appearance rate is the sharp bell tower — — Stockholm cathedral ~

Spirited Away — — Ehime Ladao Hou Hot Spring

I don’t know where I’m going, but I’m on my way. 】

　 　 Spirited Away can become a classic, which is inseparable from the beautiful scene depicted by the old man Miyazaki Hayao for this film. The imaginary world where people and ghosts live together in the film is believed to have left a deep impression on many fat friends — —

　 　 Especially the main scene in the film — — Tang Popo’s Oil House

　 　 Although Bailong and Tang Popo don’t exist, this hot spring does exist ~ it is the Daohou hot spring in Ehime, Shikoku — —

　 　 Daohou Hot Spring is known as one of the four major hot springs in Japan, and it has a long history! As a small electric gentleman who has soaked in this hot spring, with his own face value, the taste of this hot spring is quite unusual! !

　 　Wearing a Japanese bathrobe after soaking in a hot spring and taking a stroll in the nearby shopping street can’t be too pleasant ~

— — Alsace Corma, France

【 "I’ll build you a mobile house in the future, ok? It is covered with balloons and can fly to the ends of the earth. The house can be small, but it is enough for you and me. " 】

　 　 Apart from the harmony between man and nature, "Anti-war and Peace" is also the eternal theme of Miyazaki Hayao’s films. In Hal’s Moving Castle, Miyazaki Hayao tells a story about two young people who knew each other and fell in love with each other on the eve of the war.

　 　 Sophie, a girl from a small town, became a 90-year-old woman after being enchanted. She ran away from home in panic and accidentally met Hal in a small town and entered Hal’s mobile castle ~

　 　 The town where Sophie lives is actually set in a small town in Alsace province in northeast France — — Kolma.

　 　 Kolma has a river and a flower boat, and is known as "Little Venice". The quiet canal neutralizes the noise on both sides of the city. All the houses are designed in spires and attics, and the walls are colorful. Walking in the street seems to be in the 16th century ~

The summer vacation has been fully launched.

Fat friends, stop eating chicken legs at home! !


Where do you want to explore Miyazaki Hayao?