Original title: Detailed explanation of the ten hot spots of the newly revised Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations, which will be implemented on May 1 next year.
In another five months, the revised Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) will be officially implemented. Carrying out domestic waste classification in an all-round way is not only a tough battle, but also a protracted war, which requires the participation of the whole society and forms a strong joint force. At present, the whole city is actively carrying out the publicity of the "Regulations" and related supporting preparations.
Hao Zhilan, director of the Urban Construction Environmental Protection Office of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress, and Ma Jianji, deputy director of the Solid Waste Department of the Municipal Urban Management Committee, made a detailed interpretation of the ten hot issues of social concern in view of the social concerns such as "teaching and punishment at the same time", the new version of "plastic limit order", disposable articles and mixed transportation of garbage.
Hot spot ① classification obligation
Personal violation of regulations, more education, careful punishment
In fact, as early as 2011, the city formulated the domestic waste management regulations, but there were some unsuitable situations in the implementation process. Hao Zhilan explained that, for example, there is a lack of mandatory restrictions on the reduction of garbage sources and personal participation in garbage classification, and the punishment for illegal activities of mixed loading and transportation is not enough. The public awareness rate and participation in classification are not high, so it is urgent to amend it.
What are the characteristics and highlights of the revision of the Regulations? Hao Zhilan said that in improving the reduction measures, the party and government organs and institutions have been asked to take the lead in carrying out waste reduction and waste classification. In terms of strengthening classified delivery, the classification of personal domestic waste has been raised from advocacy to compulsory terms. However, the "Regulations" also specifically stipulate that individuals who violate the rules should publicize and educate more, and use punishment and credit punishment with caution. In strengthening social co-governance, it is stipulated that the management of domestic waste should adhere to the leadership of party committees, government-led, social coordination, public participation, legal protection and scientific and technological support, and it is clear that street offices and township governments should incorporate domestic waste management into grassroots social governance.
How should individual residents classify garbage? Hao Zhilan said that many provisions in the Regulations pay attention to "adapting to local conditions". For example, there is no unified mandatory provision for the city to put garbage at a fixed time and place. District governments can carry out garbage sorting by setting up fixed bucket stations and collecting and transporting garbage at a fixed time and place. In addition, there is no mandatory requirement that the garbage must be "broken" when it is placed.
Hotspot ② Express packaging
Reusable environmental protection packaging replaces disposable packaging.
Every year in "double 11", while the express delivery bursts, countless express packaging bags, boxes and boxes are used only once and then discarded as garbage. Massive express garbage consumes a lot of resources.
To this end, the revised "Regulations" stipulates that express delivery should use electronic waybills and degradable and reusable environmental protection packaging materials to reduce the excessive use of packaging materials and the generation of packaging waste. This Municipality encourages express delivery to take measures to recycle express packaging materials.
Ma Jianji pointed out that the postal administration has issued specific standards for green packaging materials, and in the future, green packaging will gradually replace the existing disposable packaging. The courier delivers the courier, and after the user removes the package, the courier package can be recycled on the spot.
Hot spot ③ Disposable articles
A detailed catalogue of disposable items will be drawn up.
The revised Regulations stipulate that catering operators, catering distribution service providers and hotel business units shall not take the initiative to provide disposable chopsticks, forks, spoons, toiletries, etc. to consumers, and shall set up eye-catching signs. In case of violation, the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management will order it to correct immediately and impose a fine of more than 5,000 yuan and less than 10,000 yuan; Violation of the provisions again, a fine of 10 thousand yuan and 50 thousand yuan.
Ma Jianwei said that during the revision of the Regulations, opinions were sought from catering associations, catering enterprises, take-away enterprises and hotel business units. Some take-away companies have suggested that it is difficult to deliver meals to customers if disposable packaged lunch boxes cannot be used. Therefore, in the revised "Regulations", it is only proposed that disposable chopsticks, forks and spoons should not be provided voluntarily, but there is no restriction on disposable lunch boxes.
Before May 2020, the Municipal Urban Management Committee will work with the market supervision department, the business department and the cultural tourism department to formulate a detailed catalogue of disposable items and introduce relevant supporting work plans.
The so-called "unsolicited" provision does not mean that it is not provided at all. Ma Jianji said, for example, restaurants and takeaways should add the option of "Do you need disposable tableware" when customers order, so that customers can choose before ordering. Hotels are not allowed to put disposable toiletries in their rooms, but guests can ask for them from the front desk of restaurants and hotels if necessary. No matter whether it is a restaurant or a hotel, signs and tips that do not actively provide disposable items should be posted in an eye-catching position.
In the process of revising the Regulations, it was put forward that "disposable articles should not be provided free of charge", but should be priced and charged separately. In this regard, Ma Jianwei said that in the final "Regulations", "separate pricing charges" have been deleted. Whether to charge, restaurants, takeaways and hotels can decide for themselves according to their actual situation.
Hot spot ④ Mixed loading and transportation
The fine for "mixed loading and mixed transportation" was raised to a maximum of 100,000 yuan.
How to put an end to "mixed loading and mixed transportation"? In the process of revising the Regulations, the mechanism of "no classification, no collection and transportation" of garbage was put forward. Ma Jianwei said that in the "Regulations" passed by the final vote, although it was clearly stipulated that garbage should not be mixed and transported, the statement of "no classification, no collection and transportation" was deleted, and it became "requiring it to correct", and those who refused to correct it were reported to the urban management law enforcement department.
Ma Jianwei explained that although there is no provision for the rejection of mixed loading and transportation, the revised Regulations specifically increase the penalty amount for mixed loading and transportation of garbage from "a fine of more than 5,000 yuan to less than 50,000 yuan" to "a fine of more than 20,000 yuan and less than 100,000 yuan".
In the process of garbage collection and transportation, no matter the removal personnel of the sanitation group, the staff of the garbage building or the citizens, they can report to the urban management law enforcement department as long as they find the phenomenon of mixed loading and transportation in the process of garbage collection and transportation.
Moreover, the method of classified collection in this city is also the first to promote the way of "bucket for bucket" or "bucket for bucket docking". "In the future, not only kitchen waste, but also other garbage should be" bucket for bucket ",that is, empty buckets should be used to directly replace the garbage bins that have been thrown full, thus eliminating the step of dumping, which can prevent mixed loading and transportation and avoid secondary pollution." Ma Jianwei said.
Hot spot ⑤ Ultra-thin plastic bag
Plastic bags with a thickness less than 0.025mm are prohibited.
The revised "Regulations" clearly stipulates that it is forbidden to produce and sell ultra-thin plastic bags in this city. Superthin plastic bags shall not be used in supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places, and plastic bags shall not be provided free of charge. Superthin plastic bags are used in supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places, and the market supervision and management department shall order them to make immediate corrections and impose a fine of more than 5,000 yuan and less than 10,000 yuan; Violation of the provisions again, a fine of 10 thousand yuan and 50 thousand yuan.
In this regard, Ma Jianji explained that the ultra-thin plastic bags mentioned in the Regulations refer to plastic bags with a single layer thickness of less than 0.025 mm. At present, the charged plastic shopping bags used in many shopping malls and supermarkets, as well as the rolled fresh-keeping bags provided by the vegetable and fruit area, are actually in compliance. After the formal implementation of the Regulations, the market supervision department will be mainly responsible for the supervision of ultra-thin plastic bags, and the inspection will be intensified. Those who violate the regulations will be punished. Encourage citizens to bring reusable products such as environmentally-friendly shopping paper bags and cloth bags when they go shopping.
Hot spot ⑥ both teaching and punishment
Being a garbage sorting instructor may be punishable.
How to punish the garbage for not sorting it properly? According to the new regulations, individuals who fail to classify garbage according to the regulations and refuse to change after repeated instruction will be fined from 50 yuan to 200 yuan. However, those who voluntarily participate in community service activities such as domestic waste sorting may not be punished.
What kind of community service activities can be exempted from punishment? Is there any limit to the duration of participation? In this regard, Ma Jianwei explained that how to identify the punishment and the specific process of community service activities, the next step is to communicate and study with the urban management law enforcement department to further formulate specific implementation rules and related law enforcement guarantee programs. For example, if the law enforcement department makes a decision on punishment, the punished individual can first "report" to the street with a penalty notice, and the street will designate a certain community to let the punished person be a garbage sorting instructor for one day. After the service, go back to the street to "punch in and write off the account", so as to eliminate this punishment.
Hot spot ⑦ trash can
Garbage classification and identification should be unified to the new national standard.
The revised "Regulations" clearly stipulates that in the future, the setting of garbage bins should be divided into three types: office or production and business premises, residential quarters, natural villages and other public places. Among them, residential quarters and natural villages should set up kitchen waste and other garbage collection containers in groups, and at least one garbage trading point should set up recyclable and harmful waste collection containers; Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and other units of the office or production and business premises should be set up according to the needs of four types of collection containers; Other public places can set up two kinds of collection containers for recyclables and other garbage as needed.
Ma Jianwei said that in the future, there will be no uniform requirements for the materials and capacity of garbage bins in various regions of Beijing, but next, the labels of newly configured garbage collection containers in various regions should be printed in accordance with the new national standard, and the garbage collection containers currently in use will continue to be used after the old labels are pasted and covered with new logo patterns, and will be updated after the service period to avoid waste. It is estimated that labeling coverage will be completed one after another before May 1, 2020.
According to the garbage sorting and collection containers in residential quarters, it is required that kitchen waste bins and other garbage bins must be set in groups, but the quantity can be adjusted according to the number of floors, population and garbage output in each quarter. Ma Jianji said that kitchen waste bins and other garbage bins must be matched no matter how they are deployed, and there should be at least one collection point for recyclable materials and harmful waste, which can be in the form of garbage bins or centralized temporary collection points.
In the future, garbage bins along the street should be set as recyclable and other garbage. In order to meet the needs of pedestrians to put kitchen waste such as peels, kitchen waste bins can be added in areas with a large amount of kitchen waste, such as the surrounding of large-scale activities and the roadside of large catering and commercial places such as Guijie Street.
Hot spot 8 management responsible person
Property is the person responsible for the classification of domestic waste in the community.
In the revised "Regulations", the concept of "person in charge of domestic waste classification management" is put forward, and at the same time, it is also proposed to "set up domestic waste reduction classification instructors in residential areas". What is the difference between the person in charge of management and the familiar classified instructor?
Ma Jianwei said that "the person in charge of domestic waste classification management" is actually not the concept of a single individual, but the main body responsible for waste classification. For example, for residential quarters, hutongs, streets and lanes, the person responsible for the classified management of domestic waste may be the property; For the party and government organs and institutions, the person responsible for the classified management of domestic waste is the unit; For urban roads, highways, pedestrian bridges and pedestrian underpasses, the person in charge of domestic waste classification management is the unit responsible for cleaning.
The instructors of domestic waste reduction classification are mainly volunteers recruited by districts or streets, who are usually responsible for publicizing the knowledge of domestic waste classification and guiding residents to correctly carry out domestic waste classification. For example, some volunteers who are enthusiastic about public welfare and environmental protection, or directors of buildings, can join the team of domestic waste reduction and classification instructors. The government will provide some service incentives and subsidies for the instructors of domestic waste reduction classification.
Hot spot pet-name ruby garbage processor
Conditional residential families can be installed on a pilot basis.
The revised "Regulations" stipulate that qualified kitchen waste processors can be installed in residential areas and families. In this regard, Ma Jianji said that at present, kitchen waste processors have been installed in some communities in this city. However, the installation of this large machine requires initial investment and later operation and maintenance costs, especially limited by the installation site, and can only be gradually promoted and installed in conditional communities. There are also some families who have installed a kitchen waste pulverizer under the kitchen sink to directly discharge the pulverized kitchen waste into the sewer. In the future, we can communicate with the housing and urban-rural construction department and consider whether the kitchen waste crushing processor can be used as one of the auxiliary configurations of the building, so that some conditional communities can install it on a pilot basis.
Hot spot attending supporting measures
The "one big and four small" supporting measures were introduced in November.
What measures will the city take to ensure that the "Regulations" land as soon as possible?
According to reports, before the end of 2019, the "one big and four small" supporting measures will be introduced one after another following the "Regulations". Among them, "one big" means that an action plan for Beijing’s domestic waste classification will be formulated around the revision of the Regulations; "Four Smalls" refers to the simultaneous compilation of four interim measures, namely, the measures for the implementation of garbage classification in social units of Beijing Party and government organs, the measures for the implementation of garbage classification in residential areas in Beijing, the measures for the implementation of garbage collection and transportation in Beijing, and the measures for the implementation of domestic waste reduction in Beijing.
In the next step, the city will publicize the knowledge of garbage classification to residents and units face to face, and will also assess the household rate. At the same time, a guide manual for garbage classification for residents and social units will be formulated. By the end of 2020, the popularization rate of garbage classification knowledge in schools should reach 100%, and the awareness rate, participation rate and correct delivery rate of citizens’ garbage classification should be continuously improved.
Grass-roots party organizations should widely mobilize residents, enterprises, institutions and social organizations within their jurisdiction to participate in garbage sorting, and party member cadres should take the lead in garbage sorting. The supporting documents of laws and regulations, such as the plan for controlling the total amount of domestic garbage at the source, the measures for listing clean vegetables, the management norms for recycling renewable resources, and the setting norms for classified collection containers, shall be promulgated within one year from the implementation of the laws and regulations. The Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress will also carry out special supervision in 2020, and use the contact mechanism of people’s congresses at the city, district and township levels to extensively mobilize representatives and the masses to participate, carry out supervision and inspection with global coverage, promote the implementation of laws and regulations, and make waste sorting a new trend of extensive social participation.