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Talking about ＂Road Killer＂-Snoring on ＂World Sleep Day＂

About the author:Li Baowei, Wu Wei, Department of Otolaryngology, 306th Hospital of PLA.

March 21st is the 16th World Sleep Day sponsored by the International Mental Health Organization. The China Sleep Research Association held a press conference recently, saying that 80% of major traffic accidents are related to drivers’ lack of sleep. Driving without sleep for 17 hours in a row, the risk of accidents is "equivalent to drunk driving". The seminar also specifically reminded that drivers with "sleep apnea syndrome" are potential road killers. People with this sleep disorder repeatedly experience apnea during sleep, and hypoxia affects organ function, resulting in poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and slow response.

On the occasion of "World Sleep Day", the author makes a brief introduction to the basic knowledge of "Sleep Apnea Syndrome", which seriously affects people’s health and safety.

The scientific name of Sleep Apnea Syndrome is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS), commonly known as "Snoring", which is mainly caused by the relaxation of muscles that keep the upper airway open during sleep, and the airway collapses and blocks, resulting in a sleep-disordered disease characterized by snoring and apnea. Its main harm lies in the frequent occurrence of sleep apnea and hypoventilation, which leads to the intermittent decrease of oxygen saturation, which leads to a series of pathological changes in human body and becomes the source disease of many systemic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, etc.). People who suffer from snoring are prone to drowsiness, inattention, memory loss, low work efficiency, easy to make mistakes when engaged in high-risk industries, and especially prone to traffic accidents when driving. Many serious traffic accidents are related to fatigue driving and illegal driving, and a considerable part of fatigue driving is related to drivers suffering from OSAHS. According to the survey, more than 50% drivers who snore suffer from hypoxia (hypoxemia) during sleep, which easily leads to dozing off while driving during the day and greatly increases the probability of traffic accidents.

1. What are the causes of OSAHS?

The cause of OSAHS is the stenosis and obstruction of the upper airway, but it is not a simple airway obstruction, but actually the collapse of the upper airway, accompanied by the disorder of respiratory central nervous regulation factors. There are many reasons for upper airway stenosis and obstruction, including nasal septum curvature, tonsil hypertrophy’s disease, long soft palate, mandibular arch stenosis, mandibular retraction deformity, temporomandibular joint ankylosis, micrognathia secondary to bilateral joint ankylosis, giant tongue disease, hyoid bone retroversion, etc., obesity, mucous edema of upper airway tissue, and oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal tumors can also cause OSAHS. Some endocrine diseases can also be combined with this disease. Its pathogenesis may be related to the increase of soft tissue and muscle collapse in upper airway during sleep, and the decrease of stimulation reactivity of upper airway muscles to hypoxia and carbon dioxide during sleep. In addition, it is also related to the comprehensive effects of nerves, body fluids, endocrine and other factors.

Second, what are the manifestations of OSAHS?

(1) Performance during the day

1. Sleepiness: The most common symptom is drowsiness and lethargy during daytime work or study. In severe cases, you can fall asleep while eating or talking with people, and even have serious consequences, such as falling asleep while driving and causing traffic accidents.

2, dizziness and fatigue: due to repeated apnea and hypoxemia at night, the continuity of sleep is interrupted, the number of awakenings increases, the quality of sleep declines, and there are often slightly different dizziness, fatigue and fatigue.

3. Abnormal mental behavior: inattention, decreased fine operation ability, decreased memory and judgment, inability to do work when symptoms are serious, and senile people may show dementia. The brain damage caused by hypoxemia at night and the change of sleep structure, especially the decrease of phase during deep sleep, are the main reasons.

4. Headache: It often appears in the early morning or at night, and the dull pain is common, not severe, lasting for 1-2 hours, and sometimes it needs to be relieved by taking painkillers, which is related to the increase of blood pressure, intracranial pressure and changes in cerebral blood flow.

5, personality changes: irritability, excitability, anxiety, etc., family and social life are affected to some extent, due to the gradual alienation from family members and friends, depression may occur.

6, sexual dysfunction: about 10% of patients can have decreased libido and even impotence.

(2) Performance at night

1. Snoring: it is the main symptom. Snoring is irregular and varies in height. Snoring-air flow stops-panting-snoring often appears alternately. Generally, the air flow is interrupted for 20-30 seconds, and some cases last for more than 2 minutes. At this time, patients may have obvious cyanosis.

2. Apnea: 75% of the people who sleep in the same room or bed find that the patient has apnea, and they often worry that the breathing will not recover and push the patient to wake up. Apnea usually ends with panting, holding back or loud snoring. Patients with OSAHS have obvious contradictory breathing between chest and abdomen.

3, waking up: suddenly waking up after apnea, often accompanied by turning over, involuntary movement of limbs or even convulsions, or suddenly starting, feeling flustered, chest tightness or discomfort in the precordial area.

4, restless: due to hypoxemia, patients turn over and rotate more frequently at night.

5, hyperhidrosis: sweating more, especially in the neck and upper chest, related to hypercapnia caused by respiratory force and apnea after airway obstruction.

6. Nocturnal urine: Some patients complained that the number of urination at night increased, and some cases had enuresis.

7. Abnormal sleep behavior: manifested as fear, screaming, delirium, night walking, auditory hallucination, etc.

(3) Manifestations of systemic organ damage

Patients with OSAHS often take abnormal cardiovascular system as the first symptom and sign, which can be an independent risk factor for hypertension and coronary heart disease.

1. Hypertension: The incidence of hypertension in OSAHS patients is 45%, and the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs is not good.

2. Coronary heart disease: manifested as various types of arrhythmia, nocturnal angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The twentieth is due to the damage of coronary artery endothelium caused by hypoxia, the deposition of lipids in the intima of blood vessels, and the increase of erythrocyte and blood viscosity.

3. Various types of arrhythmia.

4. Pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure.

5, ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease.

6, mental disorders: such as manic psychosis or depression.

7. Diabetes.

Third, how to determine whether you have OSAHS?

According to the patient’s snoring with apnea, daytime sleepiness, obesity, thick neck circumference and other clinical symptoms, a preliminary clinical diagnosis can be made, and the severity and type of the disease can be confirmed and understood, so corresponding examinations are needed. Polysomnography (PSG) monitoring is the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSAHS, and can determine its type and severity. Routine ear, nose, throat and oral examination were performed on the diagnosed OSAHS to find out whether there were any local anatomical and developmental abnormalities, hyperplasia and tumors. X-ray photos of skull and neck, CT and MRI are used to measure the cross-sectional area of oropharynx, which can be used to judge the location of stenosis. Some patients can be tested for endocrine system.

Fourth, how to treat OSAHS?

1. General treatment: (1) Weight loss: diet control, drugs and surgery; (2) Sleep posture change: sleep sideways and raise the bedside; (3) Quit smoking and drinking, and avoid taking sedatives.

2. Drug treatment: There is no specific drug at present, and the curative effect is uncertain. Modafenib can improve daytime sleepiness, and it has a certain effect on patients whose sleepiness symptoms are not obviously improved after CPAP treatment.

3. Instrument therapy: (1) Nasal-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Indications include AHI≥15 times/hour; AHI<15 times/hour, but daytime sleepiness and other symptoms are obvious; Patients with surgical treatment failure or recurrence; Can’t tolerate other treatment methods. Contraindications include coma, pulmonary bullae, hemoptysis, pneumothorax and unstable blood pressure. (2) Bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy. (3) Auto-CPAP ventilator therapy. (4) oral appliance (OA) therapy. The indication is simple snoring; Patients with mild and moderate OSAHS; Can’t tolerate other treatment methods. This method is not suitable for people with temporomandibular arthritis or dysfunction.

4, surgical treatment: (1) nasal surgery; (2) Palatoplasty; (3) laser-assisted pharyngoplasty; (4) radiofrequency ablation at low temperature; (5) Orthognathic surgery.

5. How to prevent OSAHS?

1. Strengthen physical exercise and maintain good living habits.

2. Avoid alcohol and tobacco hobbies, because smoking can aggravate respiratory symptoms, and drinking can aggravate snoring, nocturnal respiratory disorders and hypoxemia. Especially drinking before going to bed.

3. For obese people, we should actively lose weight and strengthen exercise. Our experience is to lose more than 5%~10% of weight.

4. Snoring patients often have decreased blood oxygen content, so they are often accompanied by high blood pressure, arrhythmia, increased blood viscosity and increased heart burden, which may easily lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to blood pressure monitoring and take antihypertensive substances on time.

5, it is forbidden to take sedatives and sleeping things before going to bed, so as not to aggravate the inhibition of respiratory center regulation.

6. Take a lateral sleeping position, especially the right lateral sleeping position, to avoid the tongue, soft palate and uvula falling after relaxation during sleep, which will aggravate the upper airway obstruction. You can wear a small ball on your back during sleep, which is helpful to keep sleeping on your side.

Reading： Top Hardware atrix Mania! In 2012, 6 games were rated as top hardware atrix Crazy! Cross-review of six games in 2012

　　【PConline horizontal evaluation】 In a blink of an eye, another year is coming to an end. In the past 2012, the model representing the strongest performance earned enough attention. Game book is a product between ultra-mobile portable and ultra-high performance PC. Although many people still think it is the best choice to play games, this does not hinder the prosperity of game book. Because the current game is powerful enough to control most of the "eat hardware" games.

PConline horizontal evaluation

I. New Features and Development Trends

　　In the past year, there have been several things on the mobile PC platform that have profoundly affected the product trend:

　　First, Intel has officially entered the 22nm era, and the new IVY bridge architecture has achieved certain improvement in performance. Although only about 10% is not enough to change the world, the more important point is that it will definitely reduce power consumption. Once the game-based processors were all around 55W, and now they are all low-power processors with 45W, even 35W and 17W.

intel

　　Although the low-power processor is rarely used in game books, its appearance has triggered a series of notebook changes. In the past, heavy game books could be made thinner, and the games with huge heat in the past could be cooler, and the top-level configurations that were not used in the past could also be used. From this, the future of the game book will be faster and thinner.

　intel

　　Secondly, NVIDIA has also released a new generation of GPU architecture code-named Kepler in the 28nm process. The brand-new architecture and process have the same profound influence on the hardware trend of the game book. With the improvement of technology and architecture, the performance of graphics card has been improved by almost 50%, and the power consumption of graphics card is still decreasing. Such a rise and fall has made the GTX560M, which was still in the middle and high end last year, stand out and now it has been overtaken by the mid-range GT650M M. Therefore, this year’s game book started from GT650M (PS: Kepler’s lowest model GT640M le, and the numbers below this are all "vests" of the old structure)

Game book in 2012

　　　This year, there has also been a "austral islands" in 28nm process, but AMD seems to have encountered great difficulties in ultra-mobile graphics cards. It seems that the conflict between AMD’s desired APU platform and intel has intensified, so that the combination of AMD’s unique display and Intel processor has almost completely disappeared. Although there is no specific news, according to the two combined parts of the notebook in the past year, it can be guessed that there is more cooperation between intel and NVIDIA, and there seems to be some exclusive agreement. Some people speculate that AMD may refuse to combine with intel. In any case, the number of unique notebooks equipped with AMD is indeed decreasing, so that the 7000 series graphics cards rarely appear in the game books of mainstream brands. The high-end HD7970M is rare, and the entry-level HD7450M entry-level products are gradually disappearing. This year, AMD is doing its own APU Triy and preparing to develop its own ARM architecture products. As for the graphics card, it is somewhat weak in promotion.

Game book in 2012

Game book in 2012

　　Third, the gradual maturity of the game has broken through the biggest bottleneck of the game book. If you remember the mainstream configuration last year, you will definitely be familiar with Raid 0 disk array composed of dual mechanical hard disks. It seems that the hard disk can only improve its reading and writing. However, this year, we have seen more and more in the top game books. Although the capacity is not large enough and the price is not attractive enough, the combination of SSD and high-capacity mechanical hard disk can bring "flying speed". The improvement of using experience brought by an SSD is far stronger than replacing the i5 core with i7 core.

2012

Game book in 2012

　　As for the memory of cabbage price and the battery that has been difficult to make progress for many years, don’t talk about it. Another thing to mention is the screen, although we have been expecting notebook manufacturers to upgrade or upgrade the material of the screen. However, you may have to continue to be disappointed in 2012. 1366×768 is still the mainstream, and 1080P screens will be more in the game book, but the coverage is not high enough. In addition, there are not enough IPS screens with wide angle and better color reproduction. This year, many monitor manufacturers have made IPS with large screen within 1000 yuan, so there should be no technical and cost problems with notebook monitors. We can only expect IPS high-resolution screen to become a new selling point in notebooks in the coming year.

Second, the introduction of selected models

　　This year, the shipments of the entire PC industry are declining, so there are still some old faces on the list of game-based candidates. Although these old faces still look domineering, they are still somewhat aesthetically tired after watching them for several years. There are also new faces this year, and the appearance can really make people shine. For example, Sony’s is a big-screen game book with a soft Japanese style.

PConline horizontal evaluation

　　Selected models include (in no particular order): G75V, Sony E17, M18x, Shenzhou, and Haier 7G Extreme Edition.

● ASUS G75V:

Asus G75V
ASUS G75YI361VW-BL　　picture　　series　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　Asus player country G75V notebook still continues the design of G series bevel cutting, and the body is neat and stylish. Its angular appearance and strong lines are inspired by F-117 fighters and Lamborghini Countach. It is not only a laptop, but also an amazing work of art, and it is also a product interpretation of fashionable life, representing the unruly taste of gamers.

Asus G75V hardware configuration processor Intel Core i7-3610QM is clocked at 2.30GHz. memory 8GB DDR3 1600MHz display card NVIDIA Geforce GTX 670M (3GB) indicator 17.3-inch LED display 1920×1080 resolution 3D function hard disc 750GB 7200rpm battery 74Wh lithium ionbattery weight The whole machine weighs 4.318kg Travel weight 5.363kg Pre-installed system Windows7 Home Premium 64-bit Reference selling price 18999 yuan

● Sony VAIO E17:

Sony E17
Sony SVE17129CCW (white)　　picture　　series　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　Sony SVE17 has no dead ends, and the front and back ends of the fuselage are arc transitions, and the folding fuselage is like a gift wrapped, which shows a soft beauty, which not only attracts female consumers, but also is very fashionable and beautiful for male consumers.

processor Intel Core i7-3632QM is clocked at 2.20GHz. memory 8GB DDR3 display card AMD Radeon HD 7650M indicator 17.3 inch LED screen　1920×1080 resolution hard disc 1TB HDD battery 44Wh 6-cell lithium ion battery weight The weight of the whole machine is 2.980Kg, and the travel weight is 3.316Kg. Pre-installed system Windows 8 Reference selling price 9999 yuan

● Dell Alienware M18x：

Dell Alien M18x
Dell alienware m18x (alw8d-2848b)　　picture　　series　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　Alienware M18x offers two color choices: nebula red and invisible black, which is enough to show users’ personal style. The price of these two colors is the same, so you can choose them at will. The one we got is the nebula red color. The bright red appearance is matched with the black interior, and the two colors of arrogance and introversion are combined without conflict. Anodized aluminum oxide as the shell material of notebook can make it have strong corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. On top of this shell, there is a spray paint as fine as a matte, so it feels a little less original color and feel of metal, but it feels more warm and comfortable.

DellAlienware M18x R4

processor

intel Core i7-3740QM　
basic frequency 2.7GHz/3.7GHz (Turbo) cache 6MB LLC (L3 cache) memory

16GB DDR3 1600MHz

display card

NVIDIA GeForce GT 675M×2 （2GB GDDR5）SLi

screen 18.3 inch LED 1920×1080 resolution hard disc 1TBx2 Riad0　(5400rpm) battery 96Wh weight 5.82Kg/7.35Kg system

Windows7 Home Premium (64-bit)

price indication

30999 yuan

● Shenzhou K590s：

Shenzhou K590S
Shenzhou Jingdun K590S-i7 D1　　picture　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　The shell of Shenzhou K590S continues the appearance style of Jingdun series, and the corners and colors are exactly the same as those of the previous Jingdun series. Because of the strong high power consumption hardware, its mold is not from a previous product, but borrowed from the appearance style of a quasi-system product. Perhaps in order to reduce the cost, the top cover of Shenzhou K590S did not follow the previous metal shell, but chose composite materials. From this product, we can see that the product technology of Shenzhou is constantly improving, and the lines and excessive parts of the top cover are handled fairly delicately, which is slightly higher than other products of the same series.

processor Intel Core i7-3630QM is clocked at 2.40GHz and turbo frequency is 3.4GHz. memory 8GB DDR3 1600 (dual 4GB) display card NVIDIA GTX660M(2GB GDDR5 memory) indicator 15.6-inch LED screen with 1366×768 resolution hard disc 1TB HDD+60GB SSD battery 77Wh 5200mAh 8-cell lithium ion battery weight The weight of the whole machine is 2.764Kg, and the travel weight is 3.367Kg Pre-installed system Windows7 Home Premium (64-bit)+Send Office Reference selling price 6499 yuan

● Lenovo Y500：

Y500
Lenovo Y500NT-ISE　　picture　　series　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　The dark black aluminum alloy shell has horizontal wire drawing on its surface, which makes it feel very cold. Many people prefer the cold color of this black metal. Its A-side is not flat, showing a front hood line as a whole, and the Y-series has always been very close to the shape of the car, implying surging power.

processor Intel Core i7-3630QM is clocked at 2.40GHz and turbo frequency is 3.4GHz. memory 8GB DDR3 display card NVIDIA GT650M indicator 15.6 inch LED screen　1366×768 resolution hard disc 1TB HDD (with 16GB SSD) battery 72Wh 6700mAh 6-cell lithium ion battery weight The weight of the whole machine is 2.478Kg, and the travel weight is 2.990Kg characteristic UltraBay technology supporting hot plug hardware Pre-installed system Linux (official win8 driver support) Reference selling price 8999 yuan

● Haier 7G Extreme Edition:

Haier
Haier Jane Eyre 7G- Extreme Edition　　picture　　series　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　

　　The shape of this Haier 7G Extreme Edition game book is very simple, the color of the whole machine is all black, and the A side of the top cover is all made of ABS engineering plastics. It doesn’t have a luminous product LOGO in the middle of the top cover like other similar game books, but from another angle, will it become cool instead? On the contrary, the design of another 7G Extreme Edition game book of Haier is similar to that of the same type.

Hardware Configuration of Haier 7G Extreme Edition processor Intel Core i7-3610QM is clocked at 2.30GHz. memory 8GB DDR3 1600MHz display card NVIDIA Geforce GTX 670M indicator 15.6-inch LED display 1920×1080 resolution hard disc 500GB HDD battery 87Wh lithium ionbattery weight The whole machine weighs 3.628kg Travel weight 4.649kg Pre-installed system Windows7 Reference selling price unknown

Third, the screen, expansion ability and personalized features

1. Screen

Horizontal Evaluation of Gaming Notebooks in 2012 (Screen) typenumber
screen size
resolution ratio
Screen material
PPI Asus G75V
17.3
1920×1080

IPS

127.3 Sony SVE17

17.3
1920×1080
　TN
127.3 Dell M18x
18.4
1920×1080

TN

119.7 Shenzhou K590s

　15.6
1366×768
TN
100.5 lenovo ideapad y500
15.6

1366×768 (optional high-resolution screen) TN 100.5 Haier 7G supreme
15.6

1920×1080 TN　 141.2

　　In fact, there is not much to say about the screen. Most of the models participating in the election are TN screens, and the biggest difference among TN screen models is the resolution. Ben’s screen is supposed to be as high as possible, and it is best to reach that 2880×1800. But this is all our wishful thinking. Not to mention the Microsoft system’s lack of support for high resolution, the load on the graphics card caused by too high resolution is also multiplied.

2, expand the ability

g75
Asus G75V

Horizontal Evaluation of Game Notebooks in 2012 Interface comparison RJ45 VGA USB2.0 USB3.0 e-SATA HDMI DP Multi-audio hole DVD
Asus G75V
■ ■ 0 four □ ■ ■ four ■
Sony SVE17
■ ■ three one □ ■ ■ 2 ■ Dell M18x ■ ■ one four ■ ■ ■ four ■
Shenzhou K590s
■ ■ one three ■ ■ □ three ■ lenovo ideapad y500 ■ ■ one 2 □ ■ □ 2 ■
Haier 7G supreme
■ ■ 2 three ■ ■ □ four ■ remarks ■ stands for yes, □ stands for no.

　　Because of its small size, its interfaces are far less. Generally, notebooks are a combination of 3×USB+HDMI+VGA, plus a set of audio holes. However, in a game with a huge fuselage, there is no shortage of interfaces. Dell M18x has the richest interfaces, after all, the body is also the largest.

● Featured functions：

● Shortcut keys specially designed for gamers

Haier

　　There are plenty of shortcut keys above the keyboard area of Haier’s 7G Extreme Edition game book, from left to right: 1.Cinema Pro cinema mode: dynamically adjust and optimize video playback. Provide high-definition quality and better experience for multimedia playback. 2.TDE accelerated overclocking function key: the conversion speed of creating, editing and sharing videos is faster. 3.Cooler Boost turbofan gear adjustment: it can instantly reduce the notebook core temperature by 8-10℃. 4.Win-Key Disable Win shortcut switch: You can lock the Win key to avoid accidentally quitting the game. 5. Wireless network is the key. 6. Bluetooth is the key. 7.ECO Engine special mode switch key: six power modes can be selected: projection mode, movie mode, office mode, Turbo battery mode, ECO off mode and game mode. Protect the battery, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged and the service life is prolonged. 8.Dynamic LED Dynamic LED control keys are more personalized and dazzling.

　　Almost every game except Dell has a variety of deceleration and adjustment keys, which also shows the in-depth research of large-scale game books for gamers, and strives to provide a better experience in terms of additional assistance.

● Backlit keyboard:

Sony E17
Sony SVE17

Y500
lenovo ideapad y500

Dell Alien M17x
Dell M18x

　　These six products have backlit keyboards except Shenzhou K590s, and the most dazzling one is Dell Alien M18x, its AlienFX&trade; The lighting system can provide many themes and as many as 512 trillion unique lighting combinations, which no machine can surpass at present.

●3D display technology:

g75
NVIDIA 3D Vision 3D Display Solution

　　ASUS G75V adopts NVIDIA 3D Vision active 3D display technology. Unlike the common notebook products that use this scheme, ASUS G75V integrates the NVIDIA 3D stereoscopic illusion system into the fuselage. Previously, the 3D notebook computer needed to connect the 3D stereoscopic illusion system with an extra USB cable, while ASUS G74S saved the trouble of wiring and saved a USB interface for other devices. The convenience brought by this integrated solution is obvious.

Asus G74S
Shutter 3D

　　The principle of shutter 3D is not complicated. When shooting, the pictures of the left and right eyes are recorded respectively. When playing, the shutter glasses are worn to control the opening and closing of the glasses, so that the human body can perceive the images of the left and right eyes respectively, thus synthesizing 3D vision in the brain. In the technical realization of shutter 3D, the refresh rate of LCD panel should reach 120Hz or higher. It is worth mentioning that because the liquid crystal lens in the glasses is opened and closed to control the intake of the left and right eye pictures, the working frequency is 60Hz, and it is generally transmitted by infrared rays, which is easily disturbed by the frequency of fluorescent lamps and stroboscopic.

●UltraBay expansion fittings

　　The most special feature of Lenovo Y500 is the function of UltraBay to expand accessories. Through UltraBay, not only the optical drive, hard disk and weight reduction module can be expanded, but also an extra independent graphics card and fan can be connected to meet the different needs of users. Lenovo Y500′ s UltraBay is located in the CD-ROM drive, which is a relatively mature and low-risk practice at present. It adopts a tool-free disassembly design. If you want to expand accessories, you need to remove the battery first, then open the locking device hidden in the battery internal test, slide down the switch in the center of the D shell and pull out the CD-ROM drive hardware at the same time. Because it may be necessary to expand the graphics card, the operation steps of replacing UltraBay are somewhat complicated, but in the face of uncertain factors affecting the stability of the system, this design is more reliable.

lenovo y400

What is it?UltraBay？

　　UltraBay expansion slot not only has the feature of "hot plugging" (Lenovo Y400 does not support hot plugging because of the risk of expanding graphics cards), but also is one of the important ways for computers to expand peripherals. As far as UltraBay 2000 is concerned, it supports dozens of peripherals including CD-ROM drive, hard disk box, digital loader, battery and even weight loss module, which expands the application level of notebook computers.

　　Summary:The characteristics of the game book are rich expansion, powerful playability and extremely personalized functions, which is why the game book will adopt very flamboyant colors and dare to break through the traditional concepts of color, shape and function. Compared with last year’s game book, the game book in 2012 is more exquisite, and functions such as 3D function and UltraBay will be selected by more and more manufacturers in the future, and the game book will still assume the glorious role of trying out new features first.

Fourth, CPU and GPU running test comparison

● Processor+chipset

2012 Horizontal Evaluation of Gamebooks (CPU Processor) typenumber
Processor model
TDP

Cache

Main frequency and turbo frequency Core thread chip set Asus G75V

Intel Core i7-3610QM

45W

6MB　

2.3Ghz/3.3GHz

4 cores and 8 threads HM77 Sony SVE17
　Intel Core i7-3632QM
　35W
　6MB

2.2Ghz/3.2GHz

4 cores and 8 threads　 HM76 Dell M18x
　Intel Core i7-3720QM

45W

6MB

2.6Ghz/3.6GHz　

4 cores and 8 threads HM77 Shenzhou K590s

　Intel Core i7-3630QM
45W
6MB　

2.4Ghz/3.4GHz　

4 cores and 8 threads HM76 lenovo ideapad y500

Intel Core i7-3720QM　
45W　
6MB　
　2.6Ghz/3.6GHz 4 cores and 8 threads HM76 Haier 7G supreme
Intel Core i7-3610QM
　45W

6MB　

2.3Ghz/3.3GHz　

4 cores and 8 threads HM77

　　The six products sent for testing all use the third-generation processors, although the models are not the same, they all belong to the top high-end products, and there is not much difference in use. The latest intel HM76/77 is selected in chipset selection. The difference between 76 and 77 is the number of USB supported (there is no such problem in the world), disk array and SRT acceleration technology.

Q is quad (meaning "quadruple, quadruple"), representing quad-core and quad-core CPU；; M stands for mobility and is a mobile processor, that is, a processor for notebook computers. Core series are,,. I3 is the lowest, i7 is the highest.
Take the numbers 3610 as an example:
3. It is the third generation of Core I series, namely ivy bridge architecture processor.
6, representing the status of this CPU in the third generation, for example, it is also i7, i7 3720QM is higher than i7 3610QM, and there will be some differences in main frequency and commercial functions.
1, which means that in terms of specific performance, the main frequency will be improved with digital rising, the performance of i7 3630QM will be better than that of i7 3610QM, and the frequency of i7 3630QM will be 0.2GHz higher than that of i7 3610QM.
0, representing other characteristics of CPU, such as the power consumption of i7-3632QM is lower than that of i7-3630QM, and the integrated display frequency of i7-3615QM is higher than that of i7-3610QM.

2012 Horizontal Evaluation of Gamebooks (CPU Processor) typenumber
Processor model
cinebench R10
　

cinebench
R11

1X nx n cpu　　 Asus G75V

Intel Core i7-3610QM

5661

21732

6.26

Sony SVE17
　Intel Core i7-3632QM
　5456
　20303

5.86

Dell M18x
　Intel Core i7-3720QM

6185

23621

6.79

Shenzhou K590s

　Intel Core i7-3630QM
4279
16202

6.21　

lenovo ideapad y500

Intel Core i7-3720QM　
5823
22243
6.45 Haier 7G supreme
Intel Core i7-3610QM
　5690

21444

6.29　

cinebench

r10

　　Cinebench R10 is a common processor performance calculation software. Its test is divided into two parts. The first time, it will run a single core and single thread, and the second time, it will run all the cores and threads to render a high-definition picture. According to the test results, the intel -3615QM multi-core test score of 700z is 21373, which stands out among all machines. However, this machine itself is relatively large, and it is still somewhat reluctant to be counted as a thin book. It is indeed suspected of "bullying" in a pile of small books. Therefore, it is more appropriate for everyone to pay attention to the processors of other products, and the Intel -3360M with all small-size and light-weight computers is the most eye-catching. Even the high-end i7-3517u is still more than 1000 points lower.

●GPU graphics scores：

nvidia

　　This year, NVIDIA is still strong, and five of the six machines are equipped with NVIDIA graphics cards. However, it has been very easy to "rename and upgrade" the vest for many years. Now it is necessary to find the real "Kepler" among the 600 series graphics cards.

gpu

Horizontal Evaluation of Gamebooks in 2012 (GPU Graphics Card) typenumber
Processor model
processing procedure
Stream processor
Rops
Core frequency/memory frequency Memory bit wide Asus G75V
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670M
40nm

336

24　

620MHz/750Mhz

3GB GDDR5 192bit Sony SVE17
　AMD Radeon HD 7650M
40nm
　480
　16　

500MHz/900MHz

2GB GDDR3 128bit Dell M18x
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 675M SLI
　40nm

384

32

620MHz/750Mhz　

2GB GDDR5 256bit Shenzhou K590s
　NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660M
28nm　
384
16

835MHz/1250Mhz

2GB GDDR5 128bit lenovo ideapad y500
NVIDIA GeForce GT 650M

28nm　 384
16　
　790MHz/1000Mhz　 2GB GDDR5 128bit Haier 7G supreme
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670M

40nm 336　

24

0620MHz/750Mhz

1.5GB GDDR5 192bit

● Test software：

　　Based on DX9 test environment, 3Dmark 06 is the most common 3D graphics test software on mobile platform. The test score of 3Dmark06 is the common score of processor, memory and graphics card. To some extent, its score can reflect the 3D performance level of the whole machine, but it cannot accurately display the ability of graphics card. The reason why 3Dmark 06 has not been completely eliminated is that there are still fusion/core graphics cards that can’t run a higher version of the test program well, especially there are many products with low 3D performance on the platform. In order to achieve cross-platform comparison and vertical comparison with the products of the past few years, they have always insisted on using them.

y500
Lenovo Y500 test results

　　In addition, we also choose 3DMark Vantage, which is based on Microsoft DX10 API and can give full play to the advantages of multi-channel graphics cards and multi-core processors. The resolutions are all set to 1366×768 (the highest resolution of some models).　

3d

　　From the comparative results, the GTX675M SLI of Dell M18x still dominates, while the AMD HD7650M equipped with Sony SVE17 is not very satisfactory, and it does not perform well in both tests. This may also be the reason why most notebook products have abandoned AMD’s unique display this year. After all, 7650 is also positioned as a mid-range product, but its performance is only about the level of GT630M.

　

Five, the whole machine performance test comparison

PCmark7/Vantage

　　PCMark Vantage can measure the comprehensive performance of various types of PCs. From multimedia home entertainment system to professional to high-end platform, whether in the hands of professionals or ordinary users, you can get a thorough understanding in PCMark Vantage, so as to maximize performance. The test content can be divided into the following three parts:

1. Processor testing: based on data encryption, decryption, compression, decompression, graphics processing, audio and video transcoding, text editing, webpage rendering, mail function, processor artificial intelligence game testing, contact creation and search.

2. Graphics test: based on high-definition video playback, graphics processing of graphics cards and game test.

3. Hard disk testing: using Windows Defender, Alan Wake game, image import, Windows Vista startup, video editing, media center use, Windows Media Player search and classification, and starting the following programs: Office Word 2007, Adobe Phothop CS2, Internet Explorer, Outlook 2007.

y500

Comparison of running test of whole machine performance

　　As a well-known comprehensive hardware testing tool software, PCMark 7 can quickly and comprehensively test the performance of the whole machine. Like the old version of the software, PCMark 7 is also a test suite for comprehensive performance analysis of the latest PC system. PCMark 7 consists of seven different test sessions, including a total of 25 independent workloads, covering all aspects of daily PC applications such as storage, calculation, image and video processing, web browsing and games.

　F640MX

Comparison of running test of whole machine performance

●SYSmark2007

　　SYSMark series software obtains the performance data of the computer by using real and appropriate application software and simulating the operation of real users on the computer. BAPCo hardware effectiveness evaluation tools represented by SYSMark series have been widely recognized by IT professional managers, editors, journalists, PC OEM manufacturers, analysts and other professionals all over the world.

y500

　　SYSMark2007 Preview hardware performance evaluation tool includes four test scenarios: E-Learning, Office Productivity, Video Creation and 3D Modeling.

Comparison of running test of whole machine performance

Six,Measured comparison

On the Significance of Game Frame Number (FPS)

　　The number of frames is the amount of pictures transmitted in one second, and it can also be understood that the graphics processor can refresh several times per second. When the object moves away, the impression of the optic nerve on the object will not disappear immediately, but will last for about 1/24 second. This property of the human eye is called "visual persistence of the eye". Theoretically speaking, no matter how high your game frame rate is, 60 or 120 frames, we can only distinguish about 24 of them in the end. However, if the actual game screen is only 24 frames, the visual experience will not be very smooth.

　　The number of game frames is the standard to reflect whether the game runs smoothly. In most cases, it can be classified as follows: 1. Slide level: below 20 frames; 2, the playability is very low: the number of frames is 20-30; 3, acceptable: 30-50 frames; 4. Smooth operation: the number of frames is 50-60; 5. Perfect operation: the number of frames is greater than or equal to 60. That is to say, under normal circumstances, the number of frames is greater than 60, which is of little significance. At this time, you can increase the quality of the game to get better visual effects.

lost planet 2

Y400

　　　The game stage of "Lost Planet 2" is EDN-3rd, which has undergone a warming change more than ten years after the previous story happened. There will be new scenes such as jungle, and the protagonist is not one person like the previous story, but the story is unfolded from different perspectives of "Snow Thieves". Like the previous work, Lost Planet 2 is developed with the latest version of the original engine MT Framework of CAPCOM, and the performance of the game world will be more detailed and beautiful. It’s not just the evolution on the screen. This game will add a lot of new elements on the basis of the requirements of the previous players. Needless to say, new scenes, new characters, new weapons, etc., and the actions of the characters are more colorful than the previous game.

●《》

　Battlefield 3
First person shooter game　

　　Battlefield 3 (English name: Battlefield 3, also known as BF3, Taiwan Province translation: Battlefield storm riders) is a first-person shooter game developed and produced by EA (American Electronic Arts). The game was officially released on October 25th, 2011 on Microft Windows, PS3, Xbox 360 and other platforms, and will be logged on Android and WII platforms in the future. Battlefield 3 is the orthodox sequel to Battlefield 2 and the eleventh work of EA Battlefield series.

●《NBA 2K13》

y500

　　The game NBA 2K13 adopts an improved physical engine, and the mechanical simulation of passing and shooting has also been improved. The game cooperates with the American Basketball Association to include the star-studded 2012 American men’s national basketball team and the 1992 "Dream Team". In the test environment, the maximum resolution is 1366×768, all light and shadow special effects and background audience rendering are fully open, and 8 times anti-aliasing is fully open.

f640mx

●《》

k590s

　　"Need for Speed 17: Most Wanted" is a reset classic work of the 9th generation, created by Criterion Games, the production group of "Hot Storm", and will reshape the classic glory with high quality and high freedom. In terms of engine, this work adopts the enhanced version of "Chameleon" engine of Need for Speed 14, which brings better light and shadow effects. The test environment is the default advanced special effects.

k590s

Comparison of game test scores

　　Through the above four classic games, we have a more detailed test result for six game notebooks. From the bar chart above, Dell M18x ranks first, and all the data are far ahead of other products, thanks to the configuration combination of dual GTX 675M graphics cards, while Sony E17 adopts AMD Radeon HD 7650M discrete graphics card, which is not enough to compete with other products, so it is slightly inferior in game performance.

Seven,, endurance comparison

pconline

　　It should be noted that if the surface temperature of a machine is below 35℃, the operation feels very comfortable, and the range between 35℃ and 38℃ is acceptable. After all, such a temperature is similar to the human body temperature. If the surface temperature exceeds 38℃, then the human body will feel uncomfortable when it comes into contact with the machine.

Asus G74S

　　Strong performance and heat dissipation are often difficult to have both. The more powerful the performance, the more amazing its calorific value is, so it requires a lot of effort in the design of internal air ducts. So what is their heat dissipation effect?

sanre
Schematic diagram

　　We use Furmark copying software to test all products. Furmark will fully operate the CPU and graphics card, the two major heating parts of the whole machine. After 30 minutes of operation, the temperature will reach a limit height. In order to let everyone see the heat dissipation of each machine more intuitively, we also use FLUKE infrared thermal imager to observe the temperature rise at each position. (Temperature range is 20 C-50 C: below the lower temperature limit, black will be displayed; Exceeding the upper temperature limit will display white). (The following pictures can be clicked to view the original picture.)

Horizontal Evaluation of Gamebooks in 2012
Asus G75V Asus G75V Asus G75V Shenzhou K590s Shenzhou K590s Shenzhou K590s Dell Alienware M18x Dell Alienware M18x Dell Alienware M18x Sony VAIO E17 Sony VAIO E17 Sony VAIO E17 lenovo ideapad y500 lenovo ideapad y500 lenovo ideapad y500 Haier 7G extreme edition Haier 7G extreme edition Haier 7G extreme edition

　　Through FLUKE infrared thermal imager, we can observe the temperature rise of each position separately. Judging from the heat dissipation result chart above, the heat dissipation of Haier’s 7G Extreme Edition game book is the best. Although the local temperature above the keyboard area reaches about 45 degrees Celsius, the temperature of his keyboard area is only about 25 degrees Celsius, which has no effect on players at all. Relatively speaking, the temperature control of ASUS G75V game book is also very good. In the case of extreme copying machine, the maximum temperature of keyboard area is controlled at about 35 degrees Celsius, and users will not feel obvious burning sensation when using it, which is very rare for the game itself.

　　The remaining four products have more or less high-temperature areas in terms of heat dissipation, which are exposed in the case of extreme copying machine. If it is unlikely that this problem will occur in the heat dissipation of general notebooks, it should be a common problem for the game itself, so how to control the temperature of the whole machine of the game book is still a very necessary topic.

●MobileMark 2007

　　Endurance is also an important test parameter. Next, we will compare and analyze the endurance of these six game books.

　　In order to ensure the uniformity of the test, we installed Windows 7 64-bit flagship operating system on all the 12 participating machines, installed the necessary chipset, graphics card, network card and wireless network card driver, used a unified test script, and used the software Mobilemark 2007 as the test standard, thus avoiding unnecessary interference from external factors.

　　Mobilemark 2007 integrates many commonly used softwares, such as Adobe Reader, Adobe Photoshop CS2, Microsoft office and so on. It tests the endurance of the whole machine by simulating the real use environment of users, so the results obtained are of great reference value.

Unified environment
Unified test environment

MobileMark 2007

　　For the purchase of notebooks, battery life is indeed an important factor that cannot be ignored, but according to Xiaobian’s observation, few gamers will care about the battery life of gaming notebooks, but it would be a wonderful thing if they can take into account the ultra-high gameplay while ensuring a good battery life level. Through the test, we can see the final result given by MobileMark 2007. Shenzhou K590s won the first place with a battery life of 280 minutes, which is quite amazing for the game notebook. Secondly, Haier 7G Supreme and Lenovo Y500 also scored 243 minutes and 250 minutes respectively, which is a relatively good result.

Comparison of endurance test results

　　However, Dell M18x, Sony E17 and ASUS G75V did not perform so well, and their battery life was only about 2 hours. The domineering appearance and powerful configuration of Dell M18x made it only have a battery life of 112 minutes, but its ability was beyond doubt.

VIII. PConline Summary and Prospect

　　In 2012, the game book was still on the road of piling up hardware, and it still reached a considerable height in terms of running points alone. Taking the graphics card as an example, today’s GTX660M scores about 12,000 in 3Dmark Vantgae. Compared with the GTX660 score of 15,000 on the desktop, its 3D performance gap is not too exaggerated. The overall performance is about 80% of the desktop graphics card. At the moment when the performance of the whole machine is excessive, instead of paying attention to the improvement of performance, it is better to consider how to solve the heat dissipation and battery life, which is the new feature of this year’s game notebook &mdash; &mdash; low power consumption

Summary and prospect

　　Both the latest three generations of Core processors and the new generation of graphics cards have begun to pursue the goal of low power consumption. The new generation of low-power graphics cards with 28nm and the new generation of processors with 22nm are all emphasizing more advanced processes and lower heat generation.

Summary and prospect

　　This is why Y470, which was complained by many netizens, gradually solved the problem of fever after upgrading. We also expect to see the game book made thinner and less calorific value in the future, of course, all this is based on the undiminished performance.

Outlook for 2013:

　　Next year, intel will release a new generation of HASWELL platform. According to the "pendulum law" of intel’s processor upgrade, next year’s products will be upgraded with a new architecture, which means that they will remain in the 22nm process, and then the performance of the processor, especially the performance of the core graphics card, will be improved through the new product architecture. Of course, the core graphics card is of little significance to the game notebook.

　Summary and prospect

　　As for the graphics card, it is still a little confusing. The competition between NVIDIA and AMD is one-sided. AMD is not without products, but it still doesn’t have much to do on the notebook platform. In 2013, AMD will continue to be its own APU or ARM processor, and may not have much energy to develop mobile platform graphics cards, but we still don’t want AMD to be depressed. No competition is not a good thing for consumers, just as an i5 processor can sell for 1500 yuan now, which is largely due to AMD’s top processor.

Summary and prospect

　　In the next year, SSD solid-state hard disk will usher in a big explosion. One of the biggest shortcomings of PC hardware development so far is disk performance. SSD began to be fully popularized in 2012. Although the initial capacity is only 32GB, 32GB is enough to install Windows system, which is enough to improve the boot speed. For consumers, the feeling of the speed of the whole machine has been greatly improved.

　　In 2013, the combination of SSD and HDD of Ultrabook will be adopted by more and more notebooks. For example, Shenzhou K590s, which closed at the end of this year, has been configured in this way. This year, the price of SSD is still falling, and the capacity is still increasing. In the next year, 64GB or even 128GB products will become the mainstream, and the combination of 128GB and 1TB will also be popularized.

　　Finally, let’s talk about the memory of Chinese cabbage. DDR3 1600 will be fully distributed at the end of this year, and the main frequency will be upgraded across the board or directly to DDR4 next year. However, there is no news about DDR4 this year, and I don’t know if there will be such an upgrade in 2013.

Summary and prospect
It feels better to be thinner.

　　In 2012, the game book has reached a bottleneck. In 2013, hardware performance is not the bottleneck of the game book. Improving the game experience is the future goal. At this point, we can only hope that the gaming notebook in the next year will be more refined, thinner and cooler, and the game will feel more exciting.　

National drug collection forced pharmaceutical companies to bargain, and the price of star drugs dropped by over 90%.

　　Beijing, August 24 (Reporter Zhang Ni) Recently, the third batch of state-organized centralized drug procurement with a procurement scale of tens of billions of yuan produced the results of the proposed election, and the publicity time was until the 23rd.

　　This time, many star drugs have given "jumping prices", so that patients can see the real benefits. At the same time, domestic pharmaceutical companies are actively trying to survive under the background that the profit space is being pressed again.

　　Data map: Zhejiang Anji automatic dispensing machine "on the job" Yu Danfei photo

　　The third batch of medicines has been collected! Hypoglycemic drugs fell to less than one hair per tablet.

　　Recently, the third batch of countries organized centralized drug procurement, resulting in a quasi-winning result.

　　It is reported that a total of 189 enterprises participated in this procurement, resulting in 125 enterprises to be selected and 191 products to be selected, with an average price reduction of 53% and the highest drop of 95%.

　　From the point of view of drug types, it is planned to include 56 varieties, involving more than 300 product specifications, and the types of diseases to be treated involve malignant tumors, hypertension, diabetes, mental diseases and so on.

　　Compared with the second batch of national centralized procurement, the third batch of procurement rules have also been fine-tuned and optimized, and the maximum number of enterprises that can be selected has been further increased from 6 to 8.

　　According to the "Announcement of the Results of the National Centralized Drug Purchase" published on the 20th, a total of 55 varieties were successfully purchased, and the number of drug varieties was close to the sum of the first two batches.

　　In addition to the number of drug varieties far ahead of the two batches of centralized collection, the low price of the drug to be selected this time has also attracted attention.

　　Take metformin, a commonly used drug for diabetes, as an example. In this collection, Chongqing Kerui Pharmaceutical reported the price of 0.015 yuan/tablet for 0.25g of metformin tablets, with the lowest price per tablet, with a drop of over 90%.

　　For the majority of patients, this undoubtedly brings real benefits.

　　Hu Shanlian, a professor at Fudan University School of Public Health, commented in an interview with the media that 55 kinds of drugs won the bid in the third national centralized procurement, which played a great role in improving the concentration of pharmaceutical companies, standardizing drug circulation, establishing payment standards for medical insurance drugs, improving the hospital drug list, improving the accessibility of patients’ drugs and reducing medical expenses in the future.

　　Data map: A doctor is introducing drugs to patients. Photo by Wang Yiping

　　Multinational pharmaceutical companies "retreat" and domestic pharmaceutical companies enter "price killing war"

　　In the past, the original research drugs of many multinational pharmaceutical companies occupied a dominant position in the domestic market. Before two batches of centralized procurement, the decline in drug prices of foreign-funded enterprises has always been highly concerned.

　　However, this time, multinational pharmaceutical companies have experienced a collective "big retreat" phenomenon, and many enterprises have been "out".

　　Judging from the publicity results, only the original research drugs such as Mecobalamin tablets of Weicai, concentrated solution of levetiracetam for injection with excellent time ratio and linezolid tablets of Pfizer won the bid.

　　Taking moxifloxacin hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection as an example, according to the data of wind Medical Library, the sales of domestic sample hospitals of moxifloxacin and sodium chloride injection in 2019 was 913 million yuan, and Bayer’s sales revenue as the original research pharmaceutical factory accounted for about 96.08%.

　　However, in this collection, Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection won the bid by Tianjin Hongri Pharmaceutical and Hunan Aike Pharmaceutical, and Bayer, the original research pharmaceutical factory, was eliminated. Among them, Tianjin Hongri and Hainan Aike quoted 32.8 yuan and 35.27 yuan respectively.

　　"For the original brand drugs, if they can’t keep up with the domestic prices, because they will generally drop to 70% and 80%, even if the number may be more after winning, there is no profit." Fu Gang, Vice President of china association of pharmaceutical commerce and Chairman of Baiyang Pharmaceutical Group, analyzed in an interview.

　　In contrast to foreign pharmaceutical companies, although domestic pharmaceutical companies have an absolute advantage, they have also entered a "price killing war".

　　In this collection, the number of enterprises that have reviewed the oral dosage form of metformin (0.25g, 0.5g) has reached 29, and the number of enterprises that have reviewed the dosage form of metformin (0.5g) has reached 17. The competition is fierce beyond imagination.

　　According to the published results, only 8 companies including Tianfang Pharmaceutical, Beijing Wanhui Shuanghe Pharmaceutical and Unacon won the bid for metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (0.5g).

　　Among them, the price of the products of Beijing Wanhui Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is only 0.78 yuan, and the average single-chip price is less than 10 cents. The supply provinces cover Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Shanghai and Hunan.

　　Data Map: The drug vending machine appeared in Hezuo Road, Hezuo Street, Chengdu High-tech West Zone. Anyuan photo

　　After three rounds of centralized purchasing, the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing reshuffle.

　　Since the "4+7" pilot cities started the procurement of drugs in December 2018, pharmaceutical companies have experienced three rounds of "baptism".

　　In January this year, the National Medical Insurance Bureau and other five departments issued the Notice, clarifying that the second batch of centralized drug procurement and use organized by the state will no longer select some areas to carry out pilot projects, and all provinces in the country and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps will form a procurement alliance, in which all public medical institutions and military medical institutions will participate.

　　In addition, the above-mentioned "Notice" also mentioned that medical institutions and retail pharmacies designated by medical insurance can participate voluntarily.

　　Subsequently, the local upgraded version of the quantity procurement has also been released.

　　For example, recently, the Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau and the Shanghai Municipal Health and Health Commission jointly issued the Opinions, encouraging public medical institutions to carry out centralized bargaining procurement of drugs with quantity and budget on the basis of adhering to quality priority, ensuring dosage and ensuring payment back, and giving priority to drugs that are not included in the national and municipal procurement with quantity, especially drugs with abnormal prices (such as drugs with significantly higher prices than other brands of the same variety or drugs with obvious price increases) and drugs at their own expense.

　　In the industry’s view, the expansion of centralized drug collection also means that for domestic pharmaceutical companies, the competition will become more and more fierce, and the "good days" of domestic generic drugs lying to make money have come to an end, and it seems to come faster than everyone expected.

　　Fu Gang said that in the past, many pharmaceutical companies, whether foreign or domestic, sometimes a company developed a new drug and could recruit a marketing team of two or three thousand people. The proportion of sales expenses is too high.

　　Obviously, this mode of operation can no longer adapt to the new market environment.

　　Data Map: An automated production line of a pharmaceutical company is producing Chinese patent medicines. Liu xuemei

　　Survival and symbiosis, where is the way out for pharmaceutical companies?

　　Undoubtedly, the pharmaceutical industry in China is undergoing a change, and in the face of the industry change and the possible reshuffle effect, where is the future outlet for pharmaceutical companies?

　　Innovation is, of course, the unchanging law of seeking new advantages.

　　Take Hengrui Pharma, where many drugs won the bid, for example, in recent years, the investment of enterprises in R&D has been increasing.

　　According to the data of its 2019 annual report, in 2019, Hengrui Pharma accumulated R&D investment of 3.896 billion yuan, up 45.90% year-on-year, and R&D investment accounted for 16.73% of sales revenue.

　　For most unsuccessful enterprises, in addition to accelerating innovation, it is imperative to move to the off-campus market. However, how so many brand products continue to release value in the retail market is also a dilemma that pharmaceutical companies need to solve urgently.

　　The industry environment forces enterprises to reform their marketing model. For example, the "commercial platform" set up by Fu Gang with Baiyang Medicine said that the "commercial platform" deeply links medical institutions, retail enterprises and industrial enterprises through omni-channel management, multi-category collaboration and digital marketing, optimizes marketing costs and improves marketing efficiency and standardization.

　　"The cost of building a national sales team by a single pharmaceutical company in the off-campus market is too high, and this commercial platform enterprise is like a highway. The products of pharmaceutical companies are like cars. The more cars on the road, the lower the cost."

　　Fu Gang said that it is unrealistic for pharmaceutical companies to support a national marketing team with thousands or even tens of thousands of people by several products. Industrial enterprises should regard all downstream customers as key links in their own value chain and actively cooperate to seek symbiosis and win-win. (End)

Cycling affects 100 billion yuan, and the industrial bicycle industry rises with the wind.

　　In recent years, Cityride has become more and more popular among young people and has become a new lifestyle with low carbon, health and strong social interaction.

　　

　　Behind cycling is a big industry with a level of 100 billion yuan. According to the data of China Bicycle Association, China, as the largest bicycle producer and exporter in the world, currently has more than 200 million bicycles in society. A survey of travel data of eight cities, including Beijing, Changsha and Chengdu, by China Bicycle Association shows that from the beginning of this year to now, about 30 out of every 100 trips made by urban residents in China have been completed by "two-round trips".

　　

　　In addition, many cities are speeding up the construction of special pavements suitable for walking and cycling. Cycling is becoming a beautiful landscape of the city, prompting residents to pay attention to the sustainable development of the city, reducing congestion and air pollution with practical actions, and making urban life better.

　　

　　The rise of urban cycling has spawned a new trend.

　　

　　In the outdoor sports trend in the past three years, the urban cycling trend has risen, and bicycles have more and more elements of environmental protection, socialization and sports fitness, which has become a new carrier of trend culture.

　　

　　According to the Survey Report of China Bicycle Industry in 2022 released by Meiqi. com, the top three reasons for people to participate in cycling are: exercise, recreation and stress relief.

　　

　　What are the trends in the cycling market at present? "From the demand side, the mid-to high-end market has seen obvious growth, and the demand from equipment to parts and accessories has gradually increased; From the supply side, domestic bicycle brands have a good momentum of development, but there is a shortage of high-end supply because some spare parts come from abroad. " Zhou Fuyuan, founder and CEO of Meiqi.com, said in an interview with a reporter from China City News.

　　

　　"First, the demand for high quality and high cost performance is rising rapidly. Through product research and innovation, enterprises improve product quality from the aspects of materials, design, practicality and safety. Second, green intelligence has become a new trend. Intelligent bicycles realize real-time monitoring and transmission of riding data by introducing advanced sensors and controllers, providing a convenient, safe and pleasant riding experience. Third, urban cycling and fitness cycling have become two main demands. " Zhang Yi, chief analyst of Ai Media Consulting, told the reporter of China City News.

　　

　　Cycling is developing into a social currency for young people. According to the survey data of Xiaohongshu, riders who have been riding for more than one year are willing to spend more than 10,000 yuan on cycling, while 60% of those who have been riding for three years spend more than 50,000 yuan.

　　

　　According to the data of JD.COM, from July 1st to August 10th, Xidesheng, Cuike, Lightning, Decathlon and JAVA became the best-selling bicycle brands on the platform of JD.COM. Road bicycles performed the strongest. Compared with the same period of last year, the turnover of road bicycles from 1000 yuan to 2,000 yuan increased by 180%. The turnover of cycling clothes above 2000 yuan increased by 11 times; The turnover of road bicycles above 5,000 yuan increased by 530%.

　　

　　In addition, the "double carbon" policy not only has a continuous positive effect on the bicycle industry, but also gives back to the environment. According to the data of China Bicycle Association, the national carbon emission is reduced by about 10,000 tons every day due to "two-wheel travel", which is equivalent to saving about 6.6 million liters of gasoline according to the calculation of 8 liters of fuel consumption per 100 kilometers.

　　

　　Zhang Wenzhong, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that mid-to high-end bicycles can meet all kinds of travel activities and exercise needs, which brings new opportunities for the transformation and high-quality development of the bicycle industry. "Compared with the riding tide in the 1970s and 1980s, the riding function and fashion of bicycles have not changed. But nowadays, the fitness and sports attributes of cycling are more prominent, and the concept of green travel is more deeply rooted in people’s hearts. These reflect the rapid economic and social development in China and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards. " Zhang Wenzhong said.

　　

　　The industrial chain of domestic bicycles has gradually improved.

　　

　　Cycling is inciting a big market of 100 billion yuan. According to the research report of Guojin Securities, China has become the world’s largest bicycle producer and exporter, with complete industrial clusters, and has formed three major bicycle cluster industrial belts: Tianjin Bohai Bay, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and Pearl River Delta.

　　

　　"After the rise of domestic brands, the entry threshold for cycling has decreased." Zhou Fuyuan said, "Compared with foreign brands, domestic brands are more cost-effective, especially high-quality products with high technology. The original entry threshold is about 10,000 yuan, and now it may become about 5,000 yuan-6,000 yuan. The threshold is lowered and more people can participate in cycling."

　　

　　According to the data of China Bicycle Association, in 2022, enterprises above designated size in the bicycle industry in China achieved revenue of 210 billion yuan, up 3% year-on-year, and realized profits of more than 10 billion yuan, up more than 20% year-on-year, and the economic benefits of the industry continued to improve. The product structure is also constantly optimized, and the domestic sales of middle and high-grade bicycles have increased by more than 30% year-on-year.

　　

　　Localization is a significant trend in the bicycle market. "The global bicycle OEM is mainly in China, with mature supply chains and production lines. The main bottleneck now is still in the field of high-end transmissions and transmission systems. " Zhou Fuyuan believes.

　　

　　It is understood that Japanese brand SHI-MANO and American brand SRAM occupy the vast majority of the global bicycle transmission market, and hold 95% of the market share of bicycle transmissions above 1,000 yuan in China. In terms of bicycle transmission, Shimano has applied for more than 6,000 patents worldwide, and the number of patents applied in China has reached more than 2,500. How to bypass patent restrictions and develop domestic transmissions is a realistic problem facing China’s bicycle industry.

　　

　　In order to solve the "stuck neck" phenomenon in the patent field of transmission, domestic substitution is on the rise. In March this year, Blueprint Technology launched the first domestic highway transmission kit integrating hydraulic disc brake and electronic transmission-Blueprint eRX electronic transmission kit for road vehicles, and vigorously laid out the electronic transmission market. At the 31st China International Bicycle Exhibition held recently, Lanxi Lunfeng Car Material Co., Ltd. also brought its own electronic transmission kit for road vehicles.

　　

　　Pan Yong, the person in charge of the development of a bicycle manufacturer in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, recently said in an interview with the media that the domestic transmission only accounted for 10% the year before last, 20% last year, and has accounted for 50% of our entire production so far this year. The price of domestic transmission system will be cheaper than that of imported spare parts by more than 30%.

　　

　　In addition, as the world’s number one bicycle producer and exporter, China’s domestic bicycle brands have insufficient presence in the middle and high-end market, showing the characteristics of "more but not stronger". In addition to patent restrictions, there are still consumers who have not formed a high-end understanding of domestic bicycles. Brand promotion has become a lesson that China manufacturers must make up.

　　

　　For example, in the 2022 annual report of Shanghai Phoenix, an old brand, it is proposed that in addition to increasing the research and development of high-end models, it will also organize participation in cycling activities such as riding festivals, use specialized scenes, expand brand influence, and vigorously promote brands, products and cycling.

　　

　　Cycling trend is a long-term driving benefit for the industry, which integrates these trend cultures such as competition culture, refit culture and travel culture. "Compared with other sports, the product chain of cycling will be longer, with complete vehicles, spare parts, equipment, accessories and various supporting facilities. The added value of products is higher, and it can also be well combined with tourism, eating, drinking and having fun to become a popular lifestyle." Zhou Fuyuan analyzed.

　　

　　Special pavement for urban construction to escort cycling

　　

　　"Two-wheel trip" is playing an increasingly important role in urban life.

　　

　　Guo Wenyu, vice chairman and secretary-general of China Bicycle Association, said that based on the survey of travel data in eight cities including Beijing, Changsha and Chengdu, about 30 out of every 100 trips made by urban residents in China were completed by "two-wheel trips", and the "two-wheel trips" around the track stations in China accounted for more than 20% of their total trips.

　　

　　Bike-sharing’s coverage can not be ignored. According to the cycling data of Meituan, the cycling time of users in bike-sharing increased by more than 6% year-on-year, and the cycling time and mileage in super-large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou increased by more than double digits year-on-year.

　　

　　Has bike-sharing hit the cycling market? The industry believes that the demand scenarios and application scope of bicycles are different. "bike-sharing mainly solves the problem of short-distance travel and connecting travel within three kilometers. I don’t think bike-sharing will have much impact on sports bicycles, because the people and demand scenarios are different. " Zhou Fuyuan analyzed.

　　

　　"bike-sharing has the scope of application of cycling, and the consumer groups are mainly traveling. The main appeal of cycling is physical exercise and leisure and entertainment, and the two can complement each other. " Zhang Yi said.

　　

　　In recent years, many cities are also speeding up the construction of special pavements suitable for walking and cycling to protect cycling.

　　

　　Beijing continues to improve the slow-moving system of urban rivers and lakesides, and promotes the connection of 100 kilometers of Chaoyang greenway; Combining natural resources with cultural and historical resources, it is planned to build 21 cycling routes of "Walking in Beijing" during the year, and provide bicycle stations, sightseeing maps and other services to actively create a pleasant environment for cycling.

　　

　　Guangdong has made it clear that all counties (cities, districts) should build more than one demonstration section of "slow-moving system" and 1-2 landscape nodes to build an interconnected green and beautiful ecological network.

　　

　　Recently released "Special Comprehensive Transportation Plan for the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integration Development Demonstration Zone" mentioned that by 2035, the mileage of scenic roads, backbone greenways and blue roads in the demonstration zone will be no less than 300 km, 700 km and 200 km respectively.

　　

　　Recently, Kunming has released four theme cycling routes, namely, the best scenic cycling route along Dianchi Lake, the night view cycling route in Kunming, the most fashionable punching cycling route in online celebrity of CityRide, and the cycling route of museum communities around Cuihu Lake, to promote low-carbon transportation modes and call for civilized cycling and standardized parking.

　　

　　Cycling culture and urban sustainable development go hand in hand. "In the past, there were many motor vehicles on the road, and people and cars were mixed, so the safety of cyclists could not be guaranteed. Building a slow lane will make people more willing to choose cycling as a way of travel. This also provides bicycle companies with business opportunities and opportunities to lay out the market. " Zhang Yi said that with the improvement of residents’ consumption level and the popularity of sports, health and environmental protection concepts, the domestic high-end bicycle market will usher in greater development in the future.


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Notice of the State Council Municipality on Issuing the Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government (2016 Edition) (full text)

The State Council on Issuing Government-approved Investment ProjectsNotice of Catalogue (2016 Edition)

Guo Fa [2016] No.72

　　People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　In order to implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Investment and Financing System, further intensify the reform of decentralization, combination of decentralization and management, and optimize services, make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, give full play to the role of the government, effectively change the government’s investment management functions, strengthen and improve macro-control, establish the dominant position of enterprises in investment, and stimulate the vitality of market players in expanding reasonable and effective investment and innovation and entrepreneurship, the Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government (2016 edition) is hereby issued.

　　First, enterprises investing in the construction of fixed assets investment projects in this catalogue shall be submitted to the relevant project approval authorities for approval in accordance with regulations. Enterprises investing in the construction of projects outside this catalogue shall be subject to record management. Institutions, social organizations and other investment projects shall be implemented in accordance with this catalogue.

　　The development projects of crude oil and natural gas (including coalbed methane) shall be decided by the enterprises with mining rights, and reported to the industry management department of the State Council for the record. Relevant enterprises with mining rights should adhere to overall planning in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, rationally develop and utilize resources and avoid disorderly exploitation of resources.

　　2. Laws, administrative regulations and national development plans, industrial policies, total control targets, technical policies, access standards, land use policies, environmental protection policies, sea island policies, credit policies, etc. are the important basis for enterprises to carry out pre-project work, and are the basis for project examination by project approval authorities, land and resources, environmental protection, urban and rural planning, marine management, industry management and other departments and financial institutions.

　　The development and reform department shall, jointly with relevant departments, pay close attention to the preparation and improvement of special plans in related fields, so as to provide a basis for project approval in various regions.

　　The environmental protection department should implement classified management according to the impact of the project on the environment, strictly examine and approve the environmental impact and high environmental risk projects, and strengthen the supervision after the event.

　　Third, we should give full play to the normative and guiding role of development planning, industrial policies and access standards in investment activities. Take development planning as an important means to guide investment direction, stabilize investment operation, standardize project access, optimize project layout, and rationally allocate resources such as funds, land, energy and human resources. Improve the industrial structure adjustment guidance catalogue, foreign investment industry guidance catalogue, etc., to provide basis and guidance for enterprise investment activities. Build a more scientific, perfect and operable industry access standard system, and strengthen market access standards such as land saving, energy saving and water saving, environment, technology and safety. Improve the macro-control policies and measures of the industry and the inter-departmental coordination mechanism, form a joint effort, and promote the orderly development of related industries.

　　4. For projects in industries with serious overcapacity, such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass and ships, the Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Resolving the Contradiction of Serious Overcapacity (Guo Fa [2013] No.41) shall be strictly implemented, and all localities and departments shall not file new capacity projects in any other name or in any way, and all relevant departments and institutions shall not handle the supply, evaluation and evaluation of land (sea areas and uninhabited islands).

　　For coal mine projects, it is necessary to strictly implement the requirements of "the State Council’s Opinions on Resolving Excess Capacity in the Coal Industry to Realize Development from Difficulties" (Guo Fa [2016] No.7), and in principle stop approving new coal mine projects, technological transformation projects with new capacity and nuclear capacity increase projects within three years from 2016; If it is really necessary to build new coal mines, all reduction and replacement will be implemented.

　　Strictly control the production capacity of new traditional fuel vehicles, and in principle, no new traditional fuel vehicle production enterprises will be approved. Actively guide the healthy and orderly development of new energy vehicles. Newly-built new energy vehicle manufacturers must have key technologies such as power systems and vehicle research and development capabilities, and meet the relevant requirements such as the Management Regulations for Newly-built Pure Electric Passenger Vehicle Enterprises.

　　Five, the project approval authority should improve and perfect the management measures, effectively improve the administrative efficiency, earnestly perform the approval duties, and conduct the review in strict accordance with the requirements of the prescribed authority, procedures and time limit. Relevant departments should closely cooperate with each other, improve management measures accordingly and strengthen the management of investment activities according to law in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　Six, according to the principle of who approves who supervises, who is in charge of who supervises, implement the supervision responsibility, pay attention to the local government’s role of supervision nearby, the professional advantages of industry management departments and environmental protection, quality supervision, safety supervision and other departments, as well as the comprehensive supervision function of investment authorities, to achieve coordinated supervision. After the authority for approval and filing of investment projects is decentralized, the regulatory responsibility should be moved down synchronously. Local governments at all levels and their relevant departments should actively explore innovative ways and means of supervision, strengthen supervision after the event, and earnestly assume regulatory responsibilities.

　　Seven, in accordance with the provisions of the project approved by the State Council, approved by the National Development and Reform Commission after the audit report to the State Council. For the projects approved by the investment authorities in the State Council and the State Council, the opinions of the industry management departments in the State Council shall be sought in advance.

　　Eight, approved by the local government projects, the provincial governments can according to the local actual situation, in accordance with the principle of matching the decentralization level and the ability to undertake, the specific division of local governments at all levels of management authority, formulate a unified catalogue of government approved investment projects within their respective administrative areas. The ability of grass-roots government to undertake should be regarded as an important factor in the division of government management authority, and it is not appropriate to simply "put it in the end". For projects involving the major planning and layout of the region and the development and allocation of important resources, we should give full play to the advantages of provincial departments in terms of policy grasp and technical strength, and be approved by provincial governments. In principle, they should not be decentralized to municipal governments, and they should not be decentralized to governments at or below the county level.

　　Nine, to cancel the approval to record the management of the project, the project registration authority should strengthen the development planning, industrial policy and access standards, industry management departments and urban and rural planning, land management, environmental protection, safety supervision and other departments should strengthen the guidance and restraint of the project according to the division of responsibilities.

　　Ten, laws, administrative regulations and the state have special provisions, in accordance with the relevant provisions. The competent department of commerce shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, examine and record the establishment and change of foreign-invested enterprises and the establishment of enterprises (except financial enterprises) by domestic enterprises abroad.

　　XI. This Catalogue shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government (2014 edition) shall be invalidated.

　　the State Council

　　December 12, 2016

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government (2016 edition)

　　I. Agricultural water conservancy

　　Agriculture: Projects involving land reclamation are approved by the provincial government.

　　Water conservancy projects: major water conservancy projects involving cross-border rivers and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) water resources allocation adjustment are approved by the investment authorities in the State Council, among which reservoir projects with a storage capacity of 1 billion cubic meters or more or involving 10,000 migrants or more are approved by the State Council. Other projects are approved by local governments.

　　Second, energy

　　Hydropower station: projects with a total installed capacity of 500,000 kilowatts and above built on cross-border rivers and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) rivers are approved by the investment authorities in the State Council, and projects with a total installed capacity of 3 million kilowatts and above or involving 10,000 immigrants and above are approved by the State Council. Other projects are approved by local governments.

　　Pumped storage power station: approved by the provincial government in accordance with the relevant plans formulated by the state.

　　Thermal power station (including self-provided power station): approved by the provincial government, in which coal-fired and gas-fired thermal power projects should be approved in the construction plan formulated by the state according to the total amount control.

　　Thermal power station (including self-provided power station): approved by the local government, in which the condensing coal-fired thermal power project is approved by the provincial government within the construction plan formulated by the state according to the total amount control.

　　Wind power station: approved by the local government within the scope of the national construction plan and annual development guidance based on total control.

　　Nuclear Power Plant: Approved by the State Council.

　　Power grid projects: 500 kV and above DC projects involving cross-border and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) power transmission, 500 kV, 750 kV and 1000 kV AC projects involving cross-border and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) power transmission, which are approved by the investment authorities in the State Council, among which 800 kV and above DC projects and 1000 kV AC projects are reported to the State Council for filing; 500 kV and above DC projects and 500 kV, 750 kV and 1000 kV exchange projects that do not involve cross-border and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) power transmission shall be approved by the provincial government in accordance with the relevant plans formulated by the state, and the rest shall be approved by the local government in accordance with the relevant plans formulated by the state.

　　Coal mine: coal development projects with an annual production capacity of 1.2 million tons and above in the national planned mining area are approved by the industrial management department of the State Council, among which projects with an annual production capacity of 5 million tons and above are approved by the investment department of the State Council and reported to the State Council for the record; The remaining coal development projects and general coal development projects in the state-planned mining areas are approved by the provincial government. Projects prohibited by the state from construction or included in the scope of elimination and withdrawal shall not be approved.

　　Coal-to-fuel: the coal-to-natural gas project with an annual output of more than 2 billion cubic meters and the coal-to-oil project with an annual output of more than 1 million tons shall be approved by the competent investment department of the State Council.

　　Liquefied petroleum gas receiving and storage facilities (excluding supporting projects of oil and gas fields and refineries): approved by local governments.

　　Receiving, storage and transportation facilities for imported LNG: Newly-built (including expansion in different places) projects are approved by the industrial management department of the State Council, among which newly-built projects with receiving, storage and transportation capacity of 3 million tons or more are approved by the investment department of the State Council and reported to the State Council for filing. The remaining projects are approved by the provincial government.

　　Oil pipeline network (excluding oil field gathering and transportation pipeline network): Cross-border and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) trunk pipeline network projects are approved by the competent investment department of the State Council, and cross-border projects are reported to the State Council for filing. Other projects are approved by local governments.

　　Gas pipeline network (excluding oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline network): Cross-border and inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) trunk pipeline network projects are approved by the competent investment department of the State Council, and cross-border projects are reported to the State Council for filing. Other projects are approved by local governments.

　　Refining: Newly-built and expanded primary refining projects are approved by the provincial government in accordance with relevant plans approved by the state. Construction of new oil refining and expansion of primary oil refining projects that are not included in the relevant plans approved by the state is prohibited.

　　Denatured fuel ethanol: approved by the provincial government.

　　Third, transportation

　　New (including additional) railways: projects listed in the relevant plans approved by the state, which are mainly funded by China Railway Corporation, shall be decided by themselves and reported to the investment authorities in the State Council for the record, and those invested by other enterprises shall be approved by the provincial government; Local intercity railway projects are approved by the provincial government in accordance with the relevant plans approved by the state and reported to the investment authorities in the State Council for the record; The remaining projects are approved by the provincial government.

　　Highway: The national highway network and national highway network projects are approved by the provincial government in accordance with the relevant plans approved by the state, the local highway projects are approved by the provincial government, and the rest are approved by the local government.

　　Independent highway (railway) bridges and tunnels: Cross-border projects are approved by the investment authorities in the State Council and reported to the State Council for the record. The projects in the relevant planning approved by the state, mainly funded by China Railway Corporation, shall be decided by itself and reported to the investment department of the State Council for the record, and other enterprises shall be approved by the provincial government; The remaining independent railway bridges, tunnels and independent highway bridges and tunnels across the sea area of 100,000-ton and above navigation channels and across rivers (the current situation or planning is the navigation section of Grade I and above) shall be approved by the provincial government, and the projects across the Yangtze River trunk channel shall conform to the relevant plans approved by the state. Other projects are approved by local governments.

　　Special berths for coal, ore and oil and gas: approved by the provincial government according to the relevant plans approved by the state.

　　Container terminal: approved by the provincial government according to the relevant planning approved by the state.

　　Inland navigation: the navigation and power hub projects with a tonnage of 1,000 tons and above in high-grade waterways across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are approved by the provincial government according to the relevant plans approved by the state, and the rest are approved by the local government.

　　Civil aviation: The new transport airport project is approved by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and the new general airport project and the expansion of the military-civilian airport (except the runway) project are approved by the provincial government.

　　Fourth, the information industry

　　Telecommunications: International communication infrastructure projects are approved by the investment department of the State Council; Domestic trunk transmission networks (including radio and television networks) and other telecommunications infrastructure projects involving information security shall be approved by the industry management department of the State Council.

　　V. Raw materials

　　Development of rare earth, iron ore and non-ferrous mines: approved by the provincial government.

　　Petrochemical: Newly-built ethylene, p-xylene (PX) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) projects are approved by the provincial government in accordance with the state-approved petrochemical industry planning and layout plan. Construction of new ethylene, paraxylene (PX) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) projects that are not listed in the relevant plans approved by the state is prohibited.

　　Coal chemical industry: Newly-built projects of producing olefins from coal and producing paraxylene (PX) from coal shall be approved by the provincial government in accordance with relevant plans approved by the state. The new coal-to-methanol project with an annual output of more than 1 million tons shall be approved by the provincial government. The rest of the projects are prohibited from construction.

　　Rare earth: Rare earth smelting and separation projects and rare earth deep processing projects are approved by the provincial government.

　　Gold: Mining and mineral processing projects are approved by the provincial government.

　　Six, machinery manufacturing

　　Automobile: It shall be implemented in accordance with the Development Policy of Automobile Industry approved by the State Council. Among them, the new Sino-foreign joint venture car production enterprise project was approved by the State Council; The newly-built pure electric passenger car production enterprise (including the cross-class production of pure electric passenger cars by existing automobile enterprises) project shall be approved by the competent investment department of the State Council; The remaining projects are approved by the provincial government.

　　Seven, light industry

　　Tobacco: The project of cigarette, cellulose diacetate and tow for cigarette is approved by the industry management department of the State Council.

　　Eight, high and new technology

　　Civil aviation and aerospace: the manufacturing of trunk regional aircraft, general-purpose aircraft with 6 tons /9 seats or more and helicopters with 3 tons or more, the manufacturing of civil satellites and the construction of civil remote sensing satellite ground stations shall be approved by the competent investment department of the State Council; General-purpose aircraft with 6 tons /9 seats or less and helicopters with 3 tons or less are approved by the provincial government.

　　Nine, urban construction

　　Urban rapid rail transit project: approved by the provincial government in accordance with the relevant plans approved by the state.

　　Urban roads, bridges and tunnels: projects that cross the sea areas of 100,000-ton and above waterways and rivers (the current situation or planning is the first-class and above navigation section) are approved by the provincial government.

　　Other urban construction projects: the local government shall decide for approval or filing.

　　X. Social undertakings

　　Theme Park: Extra-large projects are approved by the State Council, and other projects are approved by provincial governments.

　　Tourism: tourism development and resource protection projects with a total investment of 50 million yuan or more in national scenic spots, national nature reserves and national key cultural relics protection units, and projects with a total investment of 30 million yuan or more in world natural and cultural heritage protection areas shall be approved by the provincial government.

　　Other social undertakings: according to the affiliation, the industry management departments and local governments in the State Council will decide for approval or filing.

　　XI. Foreign investment

　　Restricted projects with a total investment (including capital increase) of US$ 300 million or more in the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries shall be approved by the investment authorities in the State Council, among which projects with a total investment (including capital increase) of US$ 2 billion or more shall be reported to the State Council for the record. Restricted projects with a total investment (including capital increase) of less than $300 million in the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment shall be approved by the provincial government.

　　Items listed in Articles 1 to 10 of this catalogue other than those specified in the preceding paragraph shall be implemented in accordance with Articles 1 to 10 of this catalogue.

　　XII. Overseas investment

　　Projects involving sensitive countries and regions and sensitive industries shall be approved by the competent investment department of the State Council.

　　Projects invested by centrally managed enterprises and projects invested by local enterprises with a value of US$ 300 million or more other than those specified in the preceding paragraph shall be reported to the investment authorities in the State Council for the record.

Headlines in ＂Yang Guifei＂ and ＂Ma Zhen＂ netizens made large-scale posters.


1905 movie network news　On July 23rd, some netizens exposed a group of large-scale moving pictures of the film, and they were surprised to call one of them "Ma Zhen". The scale was so impressive that it was really "a long time to see". Subsequently, a litchi poster of the film quickly occupied Weibo and friends circle. Although the film has confirmed that it is not an official poster, it still can’t stop the enthusiasm of netizens to forward it crazily.

　

At present, the first place in Weibo’s real-time hot search list is "Fan Bingbing Ma Zhen". According to netizens, "At that time, the plot was that Yang Guifei and Tang Xuanzong were jealous and quarreled, and Yang Guifei slammed the door and went to be willful, but since the marriage, the two have been in spiritual love, so the man and the woman have been suffering &hellip; &hellip; Naturally, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty quickly followed after him. After chasing, he took the imperial concubine to his horse. Then they were jealous and quarreled with each other, and they began to tear their clothes, and the imperial concubine showed an expression of &hellip; &hellip; But after struggling for a few seconds, &hellip; &hellip;” From the animation point of view, the lens scale of Fan Bingbing and Liming in the film is even larger than that of the TV series The Legend of Wu Mei Niang before deletion.

　

In addition, there is an eye-catching poster in "The Woman of the Dynasty Yang Guifei" that has been madly turned by netizens. "As soon as I rode on the world of mortals and laughed, no one knew it was litchi." The story of Yang Guifei and litchi is well known. On this poster made by netizens, a pair of peeled lychees with green leaves are very eye-catching, which not only shows the identity of Yang Guifei, but also makes people think. In addition to the amazing scale, this poster has also made many netizens admire "great creativity", which not only has image hints, but also reveals the development of the plot with a little blood on the bright green leaves.

　

It is reported that "The Woman of the Dynasty Yang Guifei" will be released in the mainland on July 30th.

Bazhong Colorful is on sale! Offer 12,000, limited quantity

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巴中缤越特价出售！优惠1.2万，数量有限

Geely Binyue’s exterior design is stylish and dynamic, and the front face adopts a family-style ripple air intake grille, paired with sharp LED headlights, showing a strong visual impact. The body lines are smooth, the overall style is both sporty and urban, and the side proportions of the body are coordinated, giving it a sense of power. The tail design is simple, and the taillight shape is unique, which further strengthens its recognition. Overall, Geely Binyue’s exterior design combines modern aesthetics and practicality, leaving a deep impression.

巴中缤越特价出售！优惠1.2万，数量有限

Colorful has a delicate and dynamic side design. Its body size is 4330mm*1800mm*1609mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2600mm, showing a balanced spatial layout. The front wheelbase is 1551mm and the rear wheelbase is 1562mm, providing good stability for the vehicle. The tire size is 215/65 R16 for the front and 215/65 R16 for the rear. With a streamlined wheel design, it not only enhances the driving performance, but also adds to the visual beauty of the vehicle. Overall, Colorful’s side lines are smooth, with a sense of power and elegance, showing a unique body ratio and aesthetic value.

巴中缤越特价出售！优惠1.2万，数量有限

In terms of the interior, Geely Binyue shows a modern and practical design concept. Equipped with an 8-inch central control screen, it is easy to operate and the information display is clear, catering to the technological pursuit of young consumers. The steering wheel is made of plastic, although not genuine leather, it is stable to the touch and easy to hold. The hand can be easily adjusted up and down, ensuring the comfort of the driver. In the multimedia configuration, it is equipped with a USB interface, which is convenient for passengers to connect and charge. The seat is designed with a mix of leather and fabric, which not only ensures texture but also takes into account comfort. The main seat supports front and rear, backrest and high and low multi-directional adjustment, and the sub-seat can also be adjusted accordingly to meet the needs of different passengers. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing flexible loading space and strong practicality. Overall, the interior design combines technology and humanization to bring a pleasant ride experience to drivers and passengers.

巴中缤越特价出售！优惠1.2万，数量有限

The car is equipped with a 1.5L displacement L4 engine with a maximum power of 93 kilowatts and a torque output of 152 Nm. This engine can provide 126 horsepower, and with a 5-speed manual transmission, it provides the driver with a smooth driving experience.

Overall, the Autohome owner’s evaluation of Geely Colorful COOL is full of enthusiasm and affirmation. He emphasized that the exterior design of this car leads the trend, and the environmental protection and refinement of the interior meet his aesthetic needs. At the same time, the superiority of power performance also makes him feel satisfied during the driving process, whether it is acceleration or braking, it shows excellent response. Driving stability is even more reliable. For young people who pursue fashion and practicality, Geely Colorful COOL is undoubtedly a trustworthy choice.

Civil servant interviews think like President Xi

Quotes from the Supreme Leader

"The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal."

"Our people love life and look forward to better education, more stable jobs, more satisfactory income, more reliable social security, better health care, more comfortable living conditions, a better environment, and hope that their children can grow up better, work better, and live better. The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal."

(2) "You need to be hard to strike iron."

"It is our responsibility to work with the whole party to insist that the party should manage the party, strictly govern the party, effectively solve the outstanding problems existing in ourselves, effectively improve the work style, and closely contact the masses, so that our party will always become the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics."

(3) "Always have a heart-to-heart with the people"

"We must always have a heart-to-heart with the people, share weal and woe with the people, and work in unity with the people. We must work hard in public all night, and strive to hand over a qualified answer to history and the people."

"The Chinese Dream"

"Everyone has ideals and pursuits, and they all have their own dreams. Now, everyone is talking about the Chinese dream. I think that achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times."

(5) "Empty talk misleads the country, but practical work rejuvenates the country"

"Empty talk misleads the country, and hard work rejuvenates the country. Our generation of Communists must carry on the past and build the future, build our party well, unite all Chinese sons and daughters to build our country well, develop our nation well, and continue to move forward bravely towards the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."

(6) "Reform will not stop, and opening up will not stop."

"The whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country must unswervingly follow the path of reform and opening up to strengthen the country, pay more attention to the systematization, integrity and coordination of reform, ensure that reform does not stop and opening up does not stop, and work together to build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and accelerate socialist modernization."

(7) "Dream of a Strong Army"

"Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times. It can be said that this dream is a dream of a strong country, and for the military, it is also a dream of a strong army. To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must insist on the unity of a rich country and a strong army, and strive to build and consolidate national defense and a strong army."

(8) "Keep the safety of the masses in mind at all times"

"We must pay special attention, care and concern for the people in need, do everything possible to help them solve their problems, take the safety of the people to heart at all times, and send the warmth of the party and the government to thousands of households."

(9) "Stepping stones to leave marks, grabbing iron marks"

"We must grasp it with the vigor of stepping on stones and leaving marks, grasping iron marks, making a good start and ending, doing a good job, preventing anticlimactic situations, letting the whole party and the people supervise, and letting the people constantly see tangible results and changes."

(10) Fighting "tigers" and "flies" together

"Strictly governing the party, the hand of punishment must not be relaxed. We must insist on fighting’tigers’ and’flies’ together. We must not only resolutely investigate and deal with cases of violations of discipline and law by leading cadres, but also effectively solve the problems of unhealthy practices and corruption that occur around the masses. We must insist that there are no exceptions in front of party discipline and state laws. No matter who is involved, we must investigate to the end and never tolerate it."

(11) "Lock power in the cage of the system"

"It is necessary to strengthen the restriction and supervision of the operation of power, lock power into the cage of the system, and form a punishment mechanism that does not dare to be corrupt, a prevention mechanism that cannot be corrupt, and a guarantee mechanism that is not easy to be corrupt."

(12) "Never sacrifice core national interests"

"We must stick to the path of peaceful development, but we must never give up our legitimate rights and interests, and we must never sacrifice our core national interests. No foreign country should expect us to trade with our core interests, and we should not expect us to swallow the bitter fruit of harming our country’s sovereignty, security and development interests."

(13) "We must tolerate sharp criticism."

"For the Chinese Communist Party, it must tolerate sharp criticism, and if there is one, it must be corrected and if not, it must be encouraged. For people outside the party, it must have the courage to speak the truth, dare to speak unpleasant words, and truly reflect the voices of the masses.

(14) "Study, study, study again"

"If our cadres want to move up, our party wants to move up, our country wants to move up, and our nation wants to move up, we must make great efforts to learn, keep learning, keep learning, keep practicing, practice, practice."

(15) "Whether the shoes fit or not, you won’t know until you wear them."…

Whether a country’s development path is suitable or not, only the people of that country have the most say.

Source: Huatu Education

The State Council held a series of press conferences on the theme of ＂Promoting High-quality Development＂ to introduce ＂focusing on the’ five centers’ and accelerating the construction of a socialist

On March 28th, the State Council Press Office held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Promoting High-quality Development", and invited Gong Zheng, deputy secretary of Shanghai Municipal Committee and mayor, Huayuan, member of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal Committee and deputy mayor, Gu Jun, deputy secretary-general of Shanghai Municipal Government and director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, to make presentations on "focusing on’ five centers’ and speeding up the construction of a socialist modern international metropolis with world influence", and answered questions from reporters.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xin photo

The Forbidden City is not exposed! Explore the anecdotes and secrets before the opening of the Forbidden City

Speaking of the Forbidden City, everyone knows that the red walls and yellow tiles, pavilions and palaces are magnificent, with endless historical stories and countless cultural treasures. However, this is only the world’s understanding of the appearance of the Forbidden City. People may never realize that there are fine "gears" running constantly in the huge body of the "giant" of the Forbidden City. They work for the Forbidden City from generation to generation, and they are "Forbidden City people".
Every cultural relic on display in the Forbidden City has its own keeper, and every ancient building has its own fixed maintainer. Every day, they look at the audience from all corners of the country and praise the majestic palaces and peerless treasures of the Forbidden City, while they are silently guarding outside the spotlight.
They are a very ordinary group of people in the Forbidden City, and they are nicknamed "General Standing in the Temple" by colleagues in the Forbidden City. Their department is the Open Management Office of the Forbidden City, which was established in 1984. Its scope of work includes all open areas during the opening hours of the Forbidden City. Its main duties are to take care of cultural relics and maintain order. This is the largest department in the Forbidden City, with more than 700 people. I was lucky enough to approach this group of "Forbidden City people" and listen to their stories about their decades in the Forbidden City. It turns out that there is another side of the world in this red wall that is completely unknown to us.
01
General Zhan Dian
At 7 o’clock every morning, one and a half hours before the opening of the Forbidden City, Wang Zhaoren, director of the Open Management Office, came to work. He was the first person from all over the place because "I don’t feel at ease if I don’t come early".
Wang Zhaoren once worked as a guard in the army for more than 20 years. The 1.8-meter-tall Shandong man is tall and straight, agile and capable, and doesn’t look like a man who is nearly 50 years old at all. Later, I came into contact with more "Forbidden City people" and found a strange phenomenon. People here are particularly young and energetic. Does the Forbidden City really have a magical magnetic field?
Chenxi of the Forbidden City
Like many "Forbidden City people", Wang Zhaoren also has a deep "Forbidden City complex" in his heart. "When I first joined the army in 1986, the army leaders took us to visit the Forbidden City, and I was deeply fascinated by it. At that time, I thought how good it would be if I could work here, defend the Forbidden City and protect precious cultural relics. I didn’t expect this dream to finally come true more than 20 years later." He told me that every day in the Forbidden City, despite the pressure of work, I felt particularly "happy", not only because I entered the palace, but also because my colleagues who worked together were "diligent and lovely".
In the morning, the staff entered the Forbidden City from Shenwumen to work.
Wang Zhaoren comes so early every day to supervise and inspect all the preparations for "opening the door". Unlike ordinary people, the Forbidden City has its own terminology. Opening the door is called "opening the door" and closing the door is called "closing the door", so the stress here is great.
The Forbidden City left many old rules. According to Ning Xiao, a leader of the Open Management Office who has specialized research in his spare time, many old rules of "opening doors" and "closing doors" of the Forbidden City were handed down from the Qing Dynasty. "In fact, in the former Qing Dynasty, it was the ouchi guards who were wearing yellow jackets, waist-horizontal and flat waist knives, and flowers on their heads, such as those who were on duty before the Qing Palace, who were the highest-ranking’ imperial guards’, those who were on duty outside the Qing door were the second’ dry guards’, the second’ blue guards’. In the former Qing Dynasty, these guards tirelessly defended the safety of the palace. Today, we are guarding a valuable world cultural heritage. It is still a bit interesting to be called the’ General Standing in the Temple’. "
02
Weird footprints
In the Qing Dynasty, the doors of the Forbidden City were similar to today, opening early and closing late. At that time, the locks were called "money and grain". In the morning, the palace supervisor shouted loudly: "Guards, money and grain have been given!" At the end of the night, before lighting the lamp, he also shouted: "Money and food!" .
There are hundreds of gates in the Forbidden City.
Up to now, this old rule of opening the door and shouting is still preserved in some old employees. Ning Xiao still remembers that when he first came to work in the Forbidden City after graduating from college, when he opened the door, he took his master and told him to "shout", and he shouted: "Open the door! Come! " These rules are more familiar to the older people in the Forbidden City. However, there was no one in the Forbidden City in the morning. Who should I shout to? "In the past, superstition was said to let the gods avoid it, but it was actually to scare away small animals." Ning Xiao said.
The cat in the Forbidden City has also become online celebrity.
There are all kinds of small animals living in the Forbidden City, not to mention cats. As "palace pets", they have now become online celebrity, in addition to weasels, owls and so on. Shen Lixia, secretary of the Party branch and deputy director of the Open Management Office, who has worked in the Forbidden City for more than 30 years, told me that the first thing to observe after opening the door is whether there are any abnormal marks at the door. It is a great alarm to find a footprint on the windowsill or wall, which must be checked before it can be lifted, but most of the time the footprints they see are not human. "There are footprints of various animals. The most interesting one is the badger with human feet. Its footprints are like baby’s little feet, which is very cute, but we have only seen its footprints, but we have never seen its true face."
Spring scenery in the Forbidden City
Shen Lixia still remembers the "adventure" she experienced when she opened the door in the 1980s. At that time, she was responsible for guarding the Chengsu Hall on Neidong Road. "As soon as I opened the door, I heard something moving in the hall, and the sound was not small. At that time, the Forbidden City was not equipped with professional security equipment. Several of us walked into the main hall with brooms and mops, only to find that an owl was flying around inside and slammed into the showcase. " It is said that the owl can’t see during the day, so it will bump into each other. It took us a long time to catch the owl, take it out of the temple and let it go.
03
Golden brick buster
Every morning before 8 o’clock, the team leaders of the Open Management Office will get the canvas bags with keys from the key room and lead their team members to the areas under the jurisdiction of each team. With the creaking sound of the ancient doors, more than 220 doors in the open area of the Forbidden City will be opened for the second time, and the Forbidden City will wake up from a deep sleep.
The key bag of the Forbidden City
Zhang Shaohua, the chief of the exhibition and maintenance department who once worked in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, described the scene every morning like this: "Pushing open the heavy doors of the Hall, the first ray of sunshine in the morning spilled in, sprinkled on the golden bricks, sprinkled on the carved beams and painted buildings, and hit the dragon chairs and plaques. The scene was as beautiful as a movie screen, and time seemed to stand still, and people seemed to have traveled back to the past, with an indescribable grandeur." Next, the day’s work begins, and their first task is to wipe the gold bricks.
Vicious ancient brick
Brick is a big brick with a square of two feet. This kind of brick made by special technology has been a special product of the Forbidden City since its initial construction. The golden bricks in the Hall of Supreme Harmony that we see now were laid during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and they are still as bright as new. A total of 4,718 bricks were laid in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. Brick making is an ancient traditional handicraft skill, which takes up to two years. There are three versions of the origin of the name of the brick. One is that the brick was made in Suzhou and sent to Beijing, so it is called "Beijing Brick" and later evolved into "Brick". Another way of saying this is that after the bricks are made, the texture is extremely hard, and when they are struck, they will make a metallic sound. There is also a saying that in the Ming Dynasty, a gold brick was worth one or two ounces of gold, so it was called a gold brick.
Brilliant golden bricks
How to protect such priceless gold bricks? The unique tool is "oil mop". Zhou Tao, who is in charge of the maintenance of the BRICS, told me, "We use the oil mop soaked with kerosene to maintain the BRICS every day, which can not only make it shiny and bright, but also prolong its service life. We must not use water mop. Kerosene is also very elegant, using aviation kerosene, with high cleanliness, no harmful substances such as mechanical impurities and moisture, and little corrosion to BRICS. "
Early morning in the Forbidden City
In Zhou Tao’s impression, the BRICS in the three halls also suffered a "disaster". Most people would never think what their nemesis was, but it turned out to be pigeon dung. "I remember that at the beginning of 2016, when I first arrived at Santai (the old man in the Forbidden City called the first three halls), the most troublesome thing was the pigeon droppings in the first three halls, which not only hindered the view, but also corroded the BRICS.
Corner of the Forbidden City
The staff of the Open Management Office tried many ways to add a protective net above the temple door to reduce the height of the door. Later, they dug out pigeon eggs and placed pigeon cages to catch them. I didn’t expect small pigeons to be so easy to deal with. They flew fast, had a good memory, and had strong nesting and reproductive abilities, and finally had little effect. "In the end, we can only use the most primitive method. We use a long pole to tie a red rope and blow the pigeons out without giving them a chance to breathe, so that they can feel that it is dangerous here and dare not regard it as’ home’ again. In this way, the first three halls are finally clean. "
04
Secret weapon
To say that the most professional and meticulous cleaning of cultural relics is the exhibition room maintenance section of the Open Management Office of the Forbidden City, which was established in 2015. In 2016, the documentary fire of "I am repairing cultural relics in the Forbidden City", the staff of this department also gave themselves a very loud name: "I am cleaning cultural relics in the Forbidden City".
Precious Song porcelain
When it comes to wiping cultural relics, it is also very learned. If you can’t go up, you must go through the professional training of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Cultural Protection of the Forbidden City. You can only do it after passing the examination and obtaining a certificate. Different cultural relics have different professional tools and operating procedures. "We are all in contact with national treasures, and we should take care of cultural relics as we care for our own eyes." The worker Jin Song said to me.
I clean cultural relics in the Forbidden City.
What is the secret weapon of cultural relics maintenance? Another thing that everyone would never expect-walnuts. "During the maintenance inspection of the West Sixth Palace and the Temple, we found that due to the long-term light and sun exposure, some of the rosewood benches and chairs in the Temple were dry and cracked, and the color was dull. After consulting a large number of books and materials, we decided to use the most primitive and harmless method for maintenance. First, we smashed the walnuts, took out all the walnuts inside, wrapped them in cloth and repeatedly crushed them, so that walnut oil could be eaten in the cloth, and then wiped the rosewood benches." The boys in the showroom maintenance department are very proud of these unique tricks, and they also summed up a main point of work, which is called "always wipe away, don’t make dust."
The guys who wipe cultural relics are all handsome.
At work, they also encountered many interesting things. "For example, during the maintenance of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, we found small bones, feathers and coins hidden behind the dragon chair. We thought, who hid this?" Did the emperor hide it when he was a child? "Later, I heard from the old masters that this was done by a weasel. It seems that the weasel is really smart."
(To be continued, if you want to see more interesting things in the Forbidden City, please come early tomorrow.)
Source: Beijing Evening News reporter: Zhang Peng text/map
Editor: tf000
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