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Aspartame is controversial about cancer. How can I eat it if I want to reduce sugar？

　　Recently, "Aspartame Carcinogenic" was listed in Weibo Hot Search. According to media reports, aspartame will be listed as "a substance that may cause cancer to human beings" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization in July this year. Aspartame is widely used in China, and it can be added to 12 kinds of food. People can’t help asking, can diet drinks still be drunk? What else can you eat with healthy sugar reduction?

　　"In fact, aspartame, as a common synthetic sweetener, has been controversial for a long time and has been questioned about the possible neurotoxicity and cancer risk. However, years of scientific research have not really determined the carcinogenicity of aspartame. " Liu Xuemei, a clinical nutritionist in the Nutrition Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, said in an interview with Workers Daily: "We don’t have to panic. The rating of carcinogens is not equal to their risk. Many common food ingredients are listed as carcinogens, but we can still consume normally."

　　Which foods contain aspartame?

　　At present, according to the probability of cancer, the international agency for research on cancer divides the carcinogenic factors into five categories: category 1, which has confirmed carcinogenicity to human beings; Class 2A is likely to be carcinogenic to humans; Category 2B, which may cause cancer to human beings; Category 3, it is still uncertain whether it is carcinogenic to human body; Category 4, basically no carcinogenic effect on human body. According to the information disclosed by the media, aspartame will be classified as category 2B, which may cause cancer to human beings.

　　As a sugar substitute, aspartame is very sweet, about 200 times as sweet as sucrose, and its calorie is only 200~300 times as high as sucrose. Because of its low calorie and high popularity, aspartame is widely used in food fields such as beverages.

　　China has approved that aspartame can be used in cola, ice cream, ice cream, candied fruit, jam, bread, cakes, canned aquatic products, vinegar, salad dressing, concentrated soup, carbonated drinks, flavored fermented milk and many other foods. The most common is sugar-free carbonated drinks, and aspartame is also widely used in sugar-free chewing gum and sugar-free mints.

　　Can you still drink sugar-free drinks?

　　When discussing the safety of aspartame, dosage is an important consideration. The Committee of Scientific Experts (JECFA), jointly managed by FAO and WHO, has previously issued recommendations on the safe dosage of aspartame. According to this suggestion, a 60 kg person will have to drink more than 12 cans of diet coke every day before it will be affected.

　　Zuo Xiaoxia, director of the Nutrition Department of the Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, said that there is no need to be too alarmed and should be treated rationally. It is unscientific to talk about toxicity without dose. Although the mainstream research results have proved that aspartame is safe since it was discovered, it does not mean that aspartame can be eaten at will.

　　"If you don’t consume a lot of products containing aspartame, then its risk may not be great." Liu Xuemei said: "In the past, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a subsidiary of the World Health Organization, listed night shift work and red meat intake as possible carcinogens, and the use of mobile phones as possible carcinogens, similar to aspartame. In fact, aspartame is not used much in the products of many large companies, and there are other alternative sweeteners, so you don’t have to panic too much. "

　　Sweeteners are not necessarily healthier than sugar.

　　If you really want to drink sugar-free drinks, but you are worried about the carcinogenic problem of aspartame, Liu Xuemei suggested that you can choose to use other natural sweeteners, or fruits instead of artificial sweeteners, or you can give priority to some drinks that use safer natural sugars instead of sweeteners, such as mogrosides, stevioside and erythritol from natural plants.

　　Liu Xuemei said that the following kinds of sugars can be safely selected: sugars with "glycosides", such as stevioside and mogroside, are all from natural plants; Sugar with "poly", such as fructooligosaccharide, polyglucose, xylooligosaccharide, yeast β -Dextran, Galactooligosaccharide, Oat β -Dextran, isomaltooligosaccharide, inulin, stachyose; Sugar with "ketone", such as isomaltulose, isomaltulose alcohol and psicose; Sugar with "alcohol", such as erythritol (which exists in plants such as seaweed and mushrooms and is less likely to cause sugar fluctuation in vivo than xylitol), maltitol, isomaltol, lactitol, xylitol and sorbitol. In addition, there are some sugars with special functions, such as L- arabinose, which can inhibit the conversion of sucrose into fructose and glucose, thus reducing the digestion and absorption of sugar.

　　Judging whether a food is healthy or not? The key is to learn to look at the ingredient list and nutrient composition list.

　　Liu Xuemei said that attention to health should be paid to reducing the intake of various sweets from childhood, and perhaps the best choice is not to drink sugary drinks and sweetening drinks. "From a health point of view, whether it is sugary drinks or sweetening drinks, try to drink as little as possible, and try to choose healthier drinks such as boiled water, moderate coffee, light tea or sugar-free soda water."

　　Kai Zhong, director of Kexin Food and Health Information Exchange Center, reminded that sweeteners are not diet pills, but only an option to reduce sugar. Consumers who need to reduce sugar should drink more water, not or less sugary drinks. If they especially like sweet drinks, it is a better choice to choose sugar-free and low-sugar products. However, there is no shortcut to weight control. If you eat too much, you have to exercise more.

　　As we all know, too much sugar intake is harmful to health, so sugar substitute is becoming more and more popular. However, with the extensive use and in-depth research of sugar substitute, the potential risks of various sugar substitutes have also been exposed.

　　Professionals remind that consumers need to keep a clear head and look at the problem rationally with a scientific eye on the news that aspartame is listed as a carcinogen. Although it has not been confirmed by the official authority and specific suggestions, with the emergence of new research, it is believed that the authority will make corresponding adjustments.

Apple’s iOS 14 is officially released, and these 30 practical functions tell you whether the value is worth rising.

Editor’s Note: This article is from WeChat WeChat official account "AppSO" (ID: AppSolution), by A Jun, published by 36Kr with authorization.

"Reshaping the iPhone experience" is Apple’s understanding and definition of this year’s new iOS 14 system.

Since WWDC released the first developer preview, we have been receiving update reminders all summer. Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us, after three months of waiting, finally ushered in a complete iOS 14.

From UI design to system function and application layer, iOS 14 has great changes that are different from iOS 13. For this reason, we have sorted out 30 practical new functions of iOS 14. Let’s follow the article to find out.

How to make the mobile phone desktop more personalized? The normal operation is to change wallpaper and arrange app icons, and now you can create widgets after updating to iOS 14.

Widgets can be placed anywhere on the desktop, which helps to view information at a glance and is suitable for tracking commuting, fitness records, calendar events or news reports.

The adding method is very simple. Long press the main screen and click "+"in the upper left corner to select different types of widgets, which are still mostly system applications, such as photos, weather, clocks, memos, to-do items and screen usage time.

Compared with the old Android desktop widget, Apple obviously limited the size of the iOS widget. The system provides three sizes: 2×2 (small), 2×4 (medium) and 4×4 (large). The larger the ratio, the richer the information displayed. And because the widget is added, the app rounded icon that is squeezed out will automatically move to the next screen.

If you think that there are too many widgets on the desktop, but they are not used frequently, try dragging one widget over another to create a stack and browse up and down to make full use of the space on the home screen.

It is worth mentioning that smart stacked widgets will be judged according to factors such as time, place and activity, and the corresponding interface will be displayed at the appropriate time.

In addition, in addition to the main screen, you can also put widgets in the "Today" view (that is, we often say the negative screen).

Speaking of the "Today" view, people will inevitably want to compare the differences between the new Widget and the original widget (notification center widget). In fact, compared with the "practical" Widget, the widget is more like an information display window, or an app launcher. Zhong Ying, the developer of JSBox, pointed out three "hard wounds" in his opinion:

Even so, the advantages of widgets are still obvious, which not only occupy a more critical and eye-catching position on the home screen, but also rank higher than widgets in the "Today" view.

As mentioned earlier, at present, widgets are mostly provided for system applications, and we expect the majority of third parties to play tricks.

Slide the home screen to the last page, and you will see a brand-new space "App Resource Library" introduced by iOS 14, which is displayed in the form of a folder, and can automatically intelligently classify and organize all applications, with a simple and beautiful view.

Wechat is classified as social and Taobao as shopping and food, but only a few apps, such as Alipay, are not classified as efficiency and finance, and most of them are within the scope of understanding, making it easy to find and visit quickly.

In addition to classifying products according to their own characteristics, the two folders in the first row of the App Library will be updated in real time:

I have to mention the search function at the top of the "App Library", which not only supports the search of app names, but also displays all apps in alphabetical order, which helps to find them quickly.

Understand the "App Library" and widgets, and you can make major changes to the desktop. As you can see, the following three home screen screenshots that look very refreshing have two things in common: the number of apps displayed is small, and the number of pages is small (the small white dot above the Dock bar corresponds to the page).

This is because with the addition of "App Library", when the app is deleted by long press, the original menu copy is adjusted from "Remove from Home Screen" to "Move to App Library" and "Delete App". In other words, if you use an app icon with low frequency or affect the look and feel, you can put it in the resource library instead of displaying it on the home screen.

If there are too many apps, it is too much trouble to move one by one. Long press the home screen and click the small white dot above the Dock bar, and you can directly hide a page, which also simplifies the home screen.

In addition, the newly downloaded app also supports adding it directly to the resource library after setting, and at the same time, the "App Resource Library" does not display red dots and corner marks (that is, "notification marks"), which is necessary for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

When playing "Peace Elite" and aiming at the enemy, the call interface suddenly pops up-such a crazy scene will not appear again after iOS 14.

After the system is updated, incoming calls and incoming FaceTime calls will not fill the whole screen, but will be replaced by a top banner, so that you don’t have to leave what you are doing.

Even better, if you don’t want to answer and hang up, just slide the banner up gently to ignore it, and the other party is still dialing, and you are completely unaffected; If you want to answer, click the green answer key, or swipe down the banner to access all the expanded phone functions.

Also optimized is the Siri outbound page. Shout "Hey Siri" or press the lock button for a long time, and you will no longer see the full-screen question window. Instead, a circular animation pops up at the bottom, and Siri’s reply is also presented in the form of bubbles.

Speaking of Siri, iOS 14 has also been enhanced in terms of audio information: when you want to make the message more expressive, you can easily send audio information with Siri.

For example, say to the iPhone, "Hey Siri, send a voice message to mom saying" I love you ". The words "I love you" will be sent to my mother in the form of voice through iMessage.

The long-awaited "picture-in-picture" function was officially launched in iOS 14, making it easy to chat on WeChat while watching videos, take notes while watching videos, and eat chickens while watching videos.

This is a way to present video content, which can play video in a small area on a large screen, but it was only unique to iPad before.

The way to use it is very simple. As long as you look for the "picture in picture" button, you can turn on the "picture in picture" in domestic apps such as Aifaner, bilibili, iQiyi and Youku.

When Picture-in-Picture is turned on, the small video window can be dragged to any position or directly hidden in the sidebar without interrupting the audio.

After talking about several big functions, let’s talk about the small function "Tap the back" brought by iOS 14.

This function is light and fresh. Through setting, you can realize the custom shortcut command of tapping twice or three times on the back of the mobile phone.

For example, open "Settings > Accessibility > Touch > Tap the Back" in turn, and change "Tap twice" to "Screen capture", which can simply replace the physical key operation of "Lock Screen Key+Volume Key".

In addition to screen capture, there are options such as returning to the home screen, opening the control center, locking the screen, etc., with rich instructions, and you can recognize the clicking action when wearing the mobile phone case.

?6. The default browser can be changed: Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge are online.

When the SMS receives a link and clicks it, most Android phones will pop up options, allowing you to select the browser app to open the corresponding content; In the same situation, the iPhone can only use Safari.

Previously, Apple did not allow users to replace Safari browsers with third-party services. Even Chrome, which is in the leading position on the desktop, still cannot compete with the pre-installed apps on iOS devices.

Fortunately, after upgrading to iOS 14, Apple made a "compromise". At present, it is known that Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge can be replaced as default browsers. Find the corresponding browser in "Settings" and you will see the option of "Default Browser App".

It is reported that in a supporting document, Firefox said that Firefox can be set as the default browser in the latest version of iOS 14, but it needs to use Firefox 29 or higher for iOS. At present, the latest version of Firefox that users can download through the App Store is only 28.1.

Of course, Apple still restricts the use of third-party browser kernels on the iOS platform. At present, Safari is still the best browser on iOS.

The problem of replacing the default browser has been solved, and WWDC mentioned that the replacement of the default mail service, which will also be launched, has not been reported yet.

Draw a perfect circle by hand, without compasses and hard work, it can be achieved in the memo. In iOS 14, shape recognition is added to the memo, and the new intelligent drawing tool allows you to draw straight lines, circles, squares, hearts, arrows and other figures with your fingers.

Just don’t let go of your hand when you draw the last stroke of the pattern, and the system will automatically help you correct it into a perfect effect.

Because of frequent interview tasks, the recording tool Voice Memo of iOS is deeply loved by our editors.

The updated Voice Memo has two main highlights: first, you can create a custom folder to easily organize the recordings into different categories, such as personal memos, meetings, lectures and musical inspiration; Second, it can effectively reduce background noise and echo, and automatically optimize the recording effect.

The function of "recording optimization" is very effective, but the entrance will be a little deep:

IPhone’s own schedule management tool "Reminders" is getting better and better.

In iOS 14, you can assign reminders to members in the sharing list, and the corresponding members will receive corresponding notifications, which is convenient for quickly splitting tasks and knowing the person in charge of the tasks.

Apple added an independent app Translation for iOS 14, which is basically similar to Google Translation, but the interface design will be more elegant. Translate the text and look up words with the built-in dictionary. At the same time, it supports vertical and horizontal display, as well as saving the translation and viewing the recent history.

Just tap the microphone button to start talking, and the automatic language recognition function will convert the speech into text, display the original and translation on both sides of the screen respectively, and then play the translated audio.

"Translation" app is suitable for translation between English, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese and Arabic.

Looking at the photos taken in our school days, we often need the names recorded on the back of the photos to recall the past.

Adding notes to photos in iOS 14 can not only help you remember, but also make a quick search in the "Search" tab. With iCloud enabled, subtitles can also be seamlessly synchronized on all devices.

Why does taking selfies with iPhone always look "ugly", far less than what you see in the mirror? Regardless of psychological factors, this is because we know ourselves from childhood through the mirror, and selfies without mirror images will be difficult to get used to.

The good news is that after updating iOS 14, select "Settings > Camera > Mirror Front Camera" in turn, and then you can take mirror selfies. The bad news may be that it seems to have no practical effect on improving the face value.

IOS 14 has added an "indicator" feature-when any application has a camera or microphone enabled, you can see a flashing green dot at the top right corner of the screen, which is to remind users that there are applications using the camera now.

At this time, drop down the notification bar and you will see the app that is currently using the camera or microphone. This prompt is very intuitive and it is also an exposure to rogue applications.

After waiting for more than 10 years, Wubi users can finally use the original Wubi input method of iOS.

It is unified with other input methods, supports pinyin retrieval, supports keyboard self-transformation and text prediction, can slide and quickly input special characters, and can be replaced by text, which is not disappointing. Detailed evaluation can be found here.

When you enter a commonly used word or phrase, such as "heart" or "smile", you will see the emoji emoji related to it in the candidate column.

The new Memoji avatar adds more customizable details, including masks, 11 new hairstyles, 19 new headdresses, and 3 new Memoji sticker expressions, which can send punches, shyness or hugs to friends.

Now, you can use photos, mimes or emoticons to set group avatars shared with all group members for group chat in the information app.

IOS 14 can help you to follow up important group messages more easily, enter someone’s name or use the @ symbol to send information directly to this person in group chat. If you are afraid of being disturbed, you can also set the group customization to accept notifications only when you are @.

After the update, you can put up to 9 conversations on top and synchronize them in the information apps of iOS, iPadOS and macOS. If the top is a group chat, when there are unread messages, you will see at most three recent participants flashing around the top icon.

Long press any bubble in iMessage to reply to the content.

As early as iOS 13, we can already see information about "hearing" (headphones) in the "Health" App. Today, Apple has enhanced this function in iOS 14/iPadOS 14. Users can monitor the volume (loudness) of earphone audio in real time in the control center, and intuitively display it on the screen in the form of decibels (dB).

When the earphone sound exceeds 80dB, the measurement icon will change from green to yellow. Apple said that it is "normal" to be in a volume environment below 80dB, and long-term exposure to sound above that level may lead to permanent hearing damage.

It is reported that this monitoring function will be applicable to most headphones, and Apple also said that the measurement results will be more accurate by using AirPods series headphones or other certified headphones. To turn it on, you can find it in Settings > Control Center > Hearing.

How can you refuse the temptation of mobile phone, go to bed at 8 o’clock and fall asleep on time when you go to bed tonight? What sleep data do you want to see when you get up tomorrow morning?

In iOS 14, the "Health" app on iPhone can help you set the goal of sleep duration, follow up the progress achieved in a period of time, and record your iPhone usage at night and your bed time. If you own an Apple Watch, you can also keep track of the time to sleep, the time to get up and the amount of sleep you get every night.

When you see this function demonstration at the WWDC conference, it is inevitable that people will think of WeChat’s "applet". In fact, it is true to think so, not to mention that everyone’s core demands are the same. They all hope to "use the function of the app without downloading the app", such as ordering takeout, taking a taxi, getting a coupon and so on.

At present, the known ways to open App Clips are: using Apple’s own camera to scan the code of App Clips, using iPhone to touch specific NFC tags, and visiting specific websites in Safari.

Since the iOS 12 system, Apple has launched its own new version of the map in the United States, and iOS 14 has further updated the data, not only adding the introduction of specific attractions and restaurants, but also covering more regions and cities.

In addition, Apple Maps has also introduced a travel mode that is more beneficial to users and the environment. For example, when you ride a bike, you can switch to cycling mode. At this time, the map will guide the applicable bicycle lanes, cycling paths and cycling roads, and help you understand the steep slopes, stairs, slope fluctuations and other information.

The first cities to support this function include new york, Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay Area, and Shanghai and Peking in China. More cities will be added in the coming months.

At the WWDC conference, Apple also introduced a function that is suitable for China. Users can input their own license plate numbers into the map application, and the system will determine whether there are "restricted areas" on that day.

Previously, the rainbow wallpaper that came with the iOS system only supported light mode. In iOS 14, Apple added dark mode support to these rainbow wallpapers. When the system switches between light/dark mode, the background of wallpaper will also change.

What is "spatial audio"? It is to accurately place the surround sound channel in the right position, even if you turn your head or move your device, so as to bring an immersive surround sound experience. To put it simply, when you are watching a video, no matter how you turn your head or even stay away from the mobile phone, you will still feel that the sound is still coming from the direction of the mobile phone, and there is an immersive feeling. This can be said to be the most convenient stereo solution.

If you have AirPods Pro, after updating according to the instructions, you can experience it by turning on the "colorful audio-visual" function of Tencent video.

As the name implies, AirPods, which supports automatic device switching function, can "automatically switch" between iPhone/iPad and Mac paired to the same iCloud account, making it more convenient for you to use Apple devices.

For example, if your AirPods was originally connected to an iPhone, when you open a video with an iPad or Mac, AirPods will automatically switch from the iPhone to the iPad or Mac; When you have WeChat voice or a phone call, AirPods will automatically switch back to your iPhone.

IOS 14 has made major changes to the tracking control mechanism of the app. The first is to require all apps to obtain consent before tracking you; At the same time, you can also check which apps have been authorized to track you on other companies’ apps and websites.

IOS 14 has added several new functions to the "home" application. Now, after adding new smart home devices, the application will provide functional suggestions for automated scripts.

In addition, the family has also introduced the function of "adaptive lighting adjustment", which allows the lighting equipment to automatically adjust the color temperature of the bulb according to the light and time period.

As for the camera equipment, it also supports the "face recognition" function, and as long as the camera or doorbell equipment detects someone, it will send a notice.

As early as iOS 13.4, Apple added a CarKey API, allowing users to use iPhone or Apple Watch as car keys and support sharing with others.

This function has been officially launched on iOS 14, and the operation process is the same as that of using NFC bus: once the phone is posted, the car will automatically unlock; If you replace it with a device with a built-in U1 chip, you can open the door and start the car even if you don’t take it out of your pocket, and this car key can be shared with others.

At present, the first model to support this function is the 2021 BMW 5 Series.

Overall, iOS 14 is a major release that changes the core experience of iPhone, which not only brings many new system features, but also greatly improves native applications.

Whether it is a widget on the home screen, a new arrangement method "App resource library" and a brand-new compact design, it is Apple’s rethinking of the screen space utilization of the existing iPhone; The information app enhances the contact with relatives and friends, the map app helps to plan the path easily, and the privacy protection makes people feel at ease, which reflects Apple’s humanistic care.

Finally, I would like to remind you that to be on the safe side, it is best to back up before upgrading.

The Dance of ＂Iron Flower＂： Non-legacy of youth

□ Qiu Huanjiao

In the vast cultural galaxy, the blooming of every "iron flower" is a deep tribute to the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

"Tie Tie Hua", an intangible project originated from ancient skills, not only bears the sweat and wisdom of craftsmen, but also vividly embodies the industrious, tenacious and innovative spirit of the Chinese nation. Tie Tie Hua originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lasted for thousands of years, which shows its unique charm and strong vitality. In the blending of iron and fire, craftsmen use their hands to turn hot molten iron into sparks flying all over the sky. At that moment, it seems that the whole world is lit up, and the brilliance and romance of Chinese excellent traditional culture are vividly displayed at this moment. According to official data, there are more than 100,000 non-legacy representative projects at all levels in China, which are dotted with the bright stars of Chinese excellent traditional culture like stars. At the moment when "Tiehua" bloomed, we not only witnessed the dance of light and shadow, but also saw the interweaving of history and feelings, and realized the profoundness and infinite possibilities of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

This cultural feast of iron flowers is not only right.Chinese ExcellenceThe tribute and inheritance of traditional culture is a powerful boost to our cultural self-confidence. In the rapidly changing modern society, we are often easily attracted by all kinds of novelty, while ignoring those cultural treasures that are hidden in the long river of history and shine with unique light. However, the appearance of "while the iron is hot" has made us re-examine and discover.Chinese ExcellenceThe value of traditional culture makes us more confident and proud of the excellent Chinese traditional culture when we are amazed and moved. No matter how the times change, those cultural genes rooted in the national blood are always our most precious wealth. At the same time, the wonderful display of "Tie Tie Hua" can not be separated from the support and joint efforts of all sectors of society: the protection and care of the government, the persistence and innovation of the inheritors, and the extensive publicity and promotion of the media … have jointly constructed a good ecology of non-genetic inheritance and development. This kind of participation and active promotion of the whole society not only enables the intangible heritage to be continued and carried forward, but also enables us to find our own cultural foundation and spiritual home in the inheritance and innovation of culture.

While appreciating the gorgeous beauty of "Tie Tie Hua", we can’t help thinking: How to better inherit and carry forward traditional culture in modern society? On the basis of maintaining the true colors of culture, how to integrate it with modern life and glow with new vitality? This requires each of us to actively participate in cultural inheritance and innovation, and protect and inherit our cultural treasures with practical actions. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of intangible heritage, dig and sort out intangible heritage resources in depth, and promote the innovative development of intangible heritage. At the same time, actively promote and publicize the intangible heritage, so that more people can understand and understand the beauty of intangible heritage, thus stimulating the concern and love of the whole society for intangible heritage. Only in this way can we go further and more steadily on the road of inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture, and make Chinese excellent traditional culture shine more brightly on the world cultural stage.

"China has a long history and a broad civilization, which is the foundation of our self-confidence and the source of our strength." In today’s globalization, cultural self-confidence is one of the most precious wealth of a country and a nation. Let’s work hand in hand to protect and inherit these precious intangible cultural heritages, so that the brilliance and romance of Chinese excellent traditional culture will always illuminate our way forward and let the world see a more real, three-dimensional and colorful China.

The biographical film ＂Maria＂ is exposed on the set, and Julie dresses up retro and elegant.

1905 movie network news　A few days ago, the biopic Maria, starring, exposed a set of studio photos. In the photo, Julie’s dress is retro and elegant. Many sets of shapes show the graceful amorous feelings of soprano Maria Callas.

It is a great challenge for Angelina Jolie to play Callas. Because Callas is not only beautiful in appearance, but also has a beautiful voice. Julie not only needs to imitate the appearance and movements of the characters, but also needs to receive professional bel canto training. The film was directed by, who once described it as "a story of ups and downs, beauty and tragedy, telling the life of the world’s most famous singer and recreating her last days in Paris in the 1970s." Julie said that she will take this responsibility about Callas’ life and legacy very seriously and "will try my best to meet the challenge". Laraine said that movies and opera are his hobbies, and it is his long-cherished wish to combine them.

Known as the greatest soprano in the 20th century, she combined coloratura singing with strong drama and pretty and flexible features. Caras is popular all over the world with his vibrant singing voice, which has greatly promoted the revival of Italian opera in the early 19th century and the development and innovation of opera performing arts.

Many colleges and universities have retired overdue graduate students. Experts：＂Strict entry and strict exit＂ training has become the new normal.

　　The Rule of Law Daily reported on August 19th that recently, official website, the graduate school of Southern Medical University, issued the "Public Notice on Handling 16 Postgraduates, including Huang Moumou", and 11 doctors and 5 masters failed to complete their studies within the longest study period, so the school automatically dropped out.

　　Previously, Sichuan University, Jinan University, Jilin University and other universities have also retired a number of graduate students, mostly because graduate students did not complete their studies within the maximum study period stipulated by the school.

　　In an interview with reporters, experts in the education sector expressed their support for the practices of relevant universities, and hoped that universities should work harder on enrollment and training to improve the quality of postgraduate education.

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the China Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that the elimination of unqualified graduate students in colleges and universities sends a signal that graduate recruitment and graduation have changed. In the past, as long as a graduate student entered the door, it was equivalent to getting a degree, which was equivalent to having an "iron rice bowl." Nowadays, the management mode has changed, and the assessment of graduate students is more based on the actual situation, and they are eliminated and entered regularly.

　　Over the longest study period, many graduate students were expelled.

　　The reporter found out that in recent years, many colleges and universities have dropped out of some graduate students.

　　In June 2020, Sichuan University retired more than 200 graduate students at one time; Shanghai Normal University dismissed 125 graduate students who could not graduate beyond the prescribed study period.

　　In May, 2020, the School of Management of Jinan University issued a notice to expel 85 graduate students. The reasons for the expulsion are "the longest study period has been exceeded", "not enrolled in school" and "applying for withdrawal".

　　In April 2020, several colleges of Jilin University successively cleaned up the overdue graduate students; Shanghai Jiao Tong University expelled 21 graduate students at one time, most of whom were international students.

　　In November 2019, Yanbian University sent 136 graduate students a decision to drop out of school because they "exceeded the maximum study period".

　　In October 2019, Fudan University retired 12 graduate students at one time, mainly international students, because "the graduation or completion requirements have not been met after the expiration of the study period".

　　In August 2019, the Graduate School of Southern Medical University dismissed 28 graduate students because "they did not complete their studies within the longest study period stipulated by the school (8 years for doctoral students and 5 years for master students)".

　　In June 2019, Tsinghua University dismissed two doctoral students; China Communication University dismissed 61 overdue graduate students; China Geo University retired 52 graduate students at one time; Ningxia University dismissed 29 overdue graduate students … …

　　The reporter concluded that the reason why the above-mentioned graduate students were "retired" was mostly related to the failure to complete their studies within the maximum study period stipulated by the school.

　　What is the possibility of being expelled if you choose to postpone your studies and still have not completed your studies? According to the data shown in the "2020 National Postgraduate Enrollment Survey Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") recently released by China Education Online, the situation is not optimistic.

　　According to the Report, under the trend of expanding enrollment scale, the actual number of graduate students is lower than the expected number of graduates, and the gap between them is widening. In 2018, the number of graduate students is expected to be 773,000, and the actual number of graduates is 604,000. More than 20% of graduate students will postpone graduation. Among them, more than 60% of doctoral students cannot graduate normally.

　　According to the Report, in addition to research interest and academic ability, the frequency of tutors’ guidance, the size of students, the regulations on the publication of scientific research results, and the topic selection of papers have become the main reasons for the delay in graduation of graduate students.

　　"There is no hard elimination mechanism behind the retreat work as a support. Colleges and universities have different standards in implementation, and the maximum length of schooling is the only hard lever." Lou Shizhou, a professor at Zhejiang Normal University, analyzed that at present, China’s use of study period as the main standard to clear out overdue graduate students is related to the traditional concept of academic system. In China, the per capita funding for graduate students is based on the academic system. If a large number of students postpone graduation for a long time, the operation of the school will bear greater financial pressure.

　　Blindly expanding or existing disadvantages, the quality of education needs to be improved urgently.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Education, the number of graduate students studying in China will exceed 3 million in 2020. In 1949, the number of graduate students in China was only 629.

　　According to the national statistical bulletin on career development, there were 145,400 graduate students and 2,906,400 college students in China in 1995. This means that the number of graduate students studying in China has increased by 20 times in 25 years, and the number of graduate students studying this year has exceeded the number of students studying in this college 25 years ago.

　　Because of this, many people point the reason why graduate students are "retired" to the problem of enrollment expansion. Some netizens said that blindly expanding the number of graduate students will do more harm than good to students. Students can’t graduate, largely because of problems in school management and postgraduate education team.

　　Regarding this statement, Yao Jinju, director of the Research Center for Chinese and Foreign Education Law of Beijing Foreign Studies University, said: "Some schools are actually exploring. For example, in terms of discipline setting, if the number of disciplines remains unchanged as a whole, internal adjustment is needed to increase the number of disciplines; In terms of enrollment, some are the overall enrollment expansion, and some are the enrollment expansion of some majors; Realistically speaking, colleges and universities need to explore, and the attempt may not be successful, but it is also the embodiment of the autonomy of colleges and universities. "

　　However, Yao Jinju also mentioned that there are indeed some schools blindly pursuing the expansion of graduate students, which involves the investment mechanism of colleges and universities. The education funds of schools are allocated according to the number of students. Universities will consider factors such as discipline construction and evaluation when expanding enrollment, and the number of students is often one of the evaluation criteria.

　　In Chu Zhaohui’s view, universities are mainly driven by the policies of administrative departments. In management, including the determination of enrollment indicators, administrative departments and universities are still integrated, but their respective responsibilities are not clearly defined, so the relationship between responsibilities and rights is not clear in the process of postgraduate training, which leads to how to evaluate students and how much to eliminate is not a university’s decision.

　　"Training a doctoral student and a master’s student requires a lot of corresponding resource allocation, and there are educational costs in teacher resources and hardware configuration. Looking at the recruitment requirements of many units, it is not difficult to find that the degree demand of employers is rising, but if the quality of training is good enough, this demand is actually unnecessary, so the core of the problem is to improve the quality of education. " Yao Jinju said.

　　Yao Jinju believes that the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that the important task of the development of higher education in the new era is to accelerate the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines and realize the connotative development of higher education. In recent years, many policies have been put forward to realize this problem. Therefore, the emergence of problems such as college students and graduate students being dropped out of school can be said to be an attempt and effort to improve the quality of training and the competitiveness of higher education, which is also the return to the essence and initial heart of higher education.

　　Xiong Bingqi, president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, told the reporter that in the past 10 years, most graduate training institutions in China have adopted the practice of repaying overdue graduate students to control the quality of graduate education. This practice undoubtedly makes graduate students have greater pressure to study.

　　Strict entry and strict exit become the trend, and the autonomy of colleges and universities is guaranteed.

　　On February 26, 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Further Standardizing and Strengthening the Management of Postgraduate Training, which put forward a series of stricter normative requirements on the enrollment and training management of postgraduate examinations, such as "paying close attention to dissertations" and "degree awarding management". This is also regarded by many people as one of the reasons why many universities have retired graduate students.

　　In Chu Zhaohui’s view, the phenomenon of repaying overdue graduate students frequently recently shows a change from "strict entry and lenient exit" to "strict entry and strict exit", which involves teachers, schools and management departments. In order to achieve efficient and sound development, we must go through this transformation process. The relevant documents of the Ministry of Education only provide support. In fact, some schools have strictly adhered to the requirements of "paying close attention to dissertations" before the Ministry of Education issued the documents. However, a considerable number of colleges and universities are undecided, and the documents of the Ministry of Education have reassured these undecided schools.

　　Yao Jinju believes that whether "strict entry and strict exit" actually depends on university administrators, and "strict entry and strict exit" will become a trend in the future. "As for who will become the leader of this trend, it depends on the university’s own courage and action. Whether it is ‘ Wide entry and strict exit ’ Or ‘ Yan Jin Yan Chu ’ Strict quality control must be a trend. Which university is more willing to do this kind of exploration in the future also means that it will occupy a better position in the construction of colleges and universities. "

　　Some insiders also said that although the Ministry of Education had expressly stipulated before, there were also rigid rules for unqualified students to be retired. For example, some "exceed the longest study period" and naturally should be retired. However, some colleges and universities are as "cautious" as possible in repaying graduate students, fearing that students will not be able to graduate or have a negative impact.

　　"If schools have full decision-making power, I believe many colleges and universities will choose ‘ Yan Jin Yan Chu ’ . If the school has little autonomy, it will still be affected by other factors. So from this perspective, ‘ Yan Jin Yan Chu ’ Whether it can become the norm is directly related to the reform of the management system of colleges and universities, the size of the autonomy of colleges and universities, and whether there is sufficient autonomy in enrollment teaching evaluation. " Chu Zhaohui said.

　　In Yao Jinju’s view, colleges and universities should have confidence and confidence within the scope of autonomy, and further improve the management system with ensuring the quality of higher education as the core. At present, the management of undergraduate students is relatively perfect, but the management of graduate students needs to be further standardized, such as postgraduate entrance education, study style education and regular warning reminders.

　　The National Conference on Postgraduate Education held in July this year requires that colleges and universities should focus on improving the quality of postgraduate education, deepen reform and innovation, and promote connotation development. Take research as the basic index to measure the quality of graduate students, optimize the layout of disciplines and specialties, pay attention to classified training and open cooperation, and cultivate high-level talents with research and innovation ability; Strengthen the construction of tutor team, improve the education evaluation system according to different degree types, strictly control quality and school spirit, and guide the high-quality development of postgraduate education.

　　In the eyes of many people in the industry, these requirements release two signals: First, the quality of graduate education must be well grasped, and quality cannot be sacrificed because of enrollment expansion; The second is to implement "strict entry and strict exit", that is, to ensure the quality of training, not only to ensure the "export", but also to improve the quality in the training process.

　　Establish and improve the tutor system and manage the whole process in all directions.

　　Although retiring overdue and unqualified graduate students is a way to control the quality of postgraduate training, "being retired" is not the result that schools and students want to see. Graduation exit is the last pass. Students have several years from enrollment to graduation. What can the school do for postgraduate training during their school years?

　　In 2017, the Ministry of Education and the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council jointly issued the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Degree and Postgraduate Education, which made it clear that the graduate training diversion and withdrawal system should be improved.

　　In 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Further Standardizing and Strengthening the Management of Postgraduate Training", which reiterated that "graduate students who are not suitable for continuing their degree should be diverted as early as possible and the diversion efforts should be intensified".

　　According to Wu Hewen, a professor at Shaanxi Normal University, retiring is only a way of diversion, and the main means of diversion generally include graduate dropout, graduate graduation and demotion training. At present, the demotion of graduate students is mainly due to the fact that graduate students who are not suitable for doctoral training will return to the master’s training stage.

　　In the public report, the reporter has not found any examples of graduate students’ demotion training, but only found the news that 18 students of Huazhong University of Science and Technology changed from undergraduate to junior college in 2018 because their credits were not up to standard.

　　"Another important reason why China uses the duration of study as the main criterion to clear out overdue graduate students is that after the length of schooling, there will be no more per capita funding." Xiong Bingqi told reporters that in addition, China’s logistics services for graduate students are not socialized, but provided by universities. If a large number of students postpone graduation for a long time, the service pressure of universities will be enormous.

　　Xiong Bingqi believes that at present, taking the years of schooling as the standard for repaying students will have a certain effect on improving the quality of graduate education. At least students can’t just be "nominal students" after they are admitted to graduate schools, but the effect on improving the quality of graduate students in an all-round way is limited. For example, students who fail to register after the school’s prescribed time limit may not want to study at all. In addition, some students who have been dropped out of school due to overtime put the blame on schools and tutors, thinking that they are not strict in management and requirements. If there is strict process management and evaluation, then there is no need to wait for centralized retreat.

　　The reporter noted that in "Further Standardizing and Strengthening Postgraduate Examination Enrollment and Training Management", all training units are not only required to "pay close attention to degree thesis" and "degree awarding management", but also strictly implement all-round and full-process management of degree awarding.

　　In Xiong Bingqi’s view, the omni-directional whole-process management proposed by the Ministry of Education is the right medicine for the quality problems of postgraduate education, which puts forward higher requirements for universities. Compared with all-round and whole-process management, it is too easy to simply clear out overdue graduate students.

　　Xiong Bingqi believes that in order to achieve all-round and whole-process management, universities need to reform the evaluation system for teachers and establish and improve the tutorial system. At present, universities carry out quantitative evaluation on teachers, so teachers pay more attention to quantifiable topics, funds and thesis indicators, but not enough investment in talent training. Only by reforming the evaluation system can teachers be guided to spend more time and energy on guiding and cultivating students, instead of some students being "stocked" because their tutors are busy, and they don’t see their tutors several times a year, while others are regarded as "wage earners" by their tutors to "do odd jobs" for teachers’ topics and projects.

　　"A sound tutorial system is to systematically train students through the joint study and research of tutors and students, improve their academic ability, and at the same time guarantee the quality of postgraduate training with the educational reputation and academic reputation of tutors." Xiong Bingqi said.

　　Yao Jinju also suggested that it is necessary to distinguish levels, responsibilities and fine management. Colleges and universities need a good postgraduate management team, and tutors should also carry out corresponding training to clarify the rights and obligations between students and tutors. The responsibilities of the tutor and the management team should be further clarified, so that students can clearly understand their future training programs. While ensuring the quality of education, we should also ensure the corresponding rights of graduate students.

　　"In addition, we can also reflect through the retreat. Does everyone want to pursue high education? This requires individuals to rationally choose higher education according to their own conditions. In the future, there may be corresponding adjustments in degrees, such as whether vocational education also needs corresponding degrees, so as to improve China’s degree mechanism in all directions and at different levels from different needs. " Yao Jinju said.

It’s not a simple 1+1 analysis of Toyota domestic twin-engine powertrain

　　　　[XCAR Technology Original]

　　　　This week, FAW Toyota’s Corolla Twin Engine and GAC Toyota’s Ralink Twin Engine were released one after another. These two hybrid models all adopt the domestic hybrid dual-engine powertrain, which is the first time that Toyota has carried out on-site development and production of hybrid electric vehicles outside Japan. So, what are the characteristics of this domestic hybrid dual-engine powertrain? What about the technical level?