月度归档： 2025 年 9 月

Do you need ＂all doctors＂ to recruit ＂non-academic positions＂

　　■ Liu Shengjun

　　Recently, a university in Jiangsu openly recruited staff for the society, requiring all the recruited staff to have doctoral degrees, but what it recruited was not academic posts, but administrative posts and laboratory posts. This move triggered a heated public discussion.

　　For administrative positions in colleges and universities, a master’s degree is sufficient, but it is not a case that employers require all staff to have a doctorate degree. For example, Henan University had previously required that the 15 administrative personnel it recruited must be doctors, and they could not change jobs within four years.

　　Public opinion is concerned about this because the public questions whether this is a mismatch between high-end talents and jobs, and it also shows that the supply and demand of the doctoral job market have undergone a qualitative change. This problem should arouse our thinking.

　　The pressure of academic competition is transmitted to the doctoral level

　　The requirement for all doctors in administrative positions in colleges and universities reflects the current situation of the academic market — — As a "market", there will always be people entering and others leaving. Among them, there is no doubt that there is fierce competition in the entry process, and doctoral students also need to prove their academic ability through academic qualifications and experience to obtain a teaching/research post.

　　Under the background of college enrollment expansion, the number of college graduates has climbed to new heights, and will reach 11.58 million in 2023. At the moment of fierce employment competition, academic qualifications are rolled up from undergraduate to master, and finally transmitted to doctoral level. In recent years, the rate of postgraduate entrance examination remains high, which is reflected by the rising scores of postgraduate entrance examination.

　　This leads some people who do not have academic research ability and lack academic enthusiasm and interest to choose to study PhD; There are also some doctoral students who find themselves unsuitable for academic research after several years of study. For these doctoral students, it is understandable to voluntarily withdraw from the academic market and choose to be diverted to enterprises, government agencies and universities to engage in administrative work. However, it is obviously a waste of talents for those who are interested in continuing academic research but are forced to choose non-academic market employment for some practical reasons.

　　If we leave aside those who voluntarily withdraw from the academic market, we can sum up several specific reasons only in the latter case.

　　First, the mismatch between the scale of doctoral enrollment expansion and the number of academic research posts provided by colleges and universities is the main reason. In recent years, the enrollment scale of doctoral students in China has expanded dramatically, and the number of students enrolled has increased from 65,600 in 2011 to 139,000 in 2022, doubling in 10 years. According to statistics, as early as 2020, the number of doctoral students in universities nationwide reached 524,000.

　　At the same time, there are only about 35,000 jobs available in colleges and universities across the country, which are not only teaching and research posts, but also counselor posts for master’s and undergraduate students and other administrative and logistics posts.

　　Secondly, this is a kind of helpless move forced by reality, and even a kind of compromise. After all, doctors are generally not young when they graduate. Even in the most ideal situation, this master’s degree is generally about 29 years old or above. If you have worked before studying for a master’s degree or a doctor’s degree, it is not unusual to be 35 years old.

　　At present, there is serious age discrimination in China’s job market, and there is widespread "35-year-old age anxiety". If you find an unstable job when you graduate, there will be no advantage in changing jobs after you are 35. Therefore, choosing a stable and relatively free university is the general first choice for doctoral students’ employment, even if they are reluctant to engage in administrative positions where teaching and scientific research cannot continue.

　　Third, administrative posts in colleges and universities also have certain advantages. For doctoral students who are suffering from scientific research, this job means that they can continue to stay in a familiar university environment without the challenge and torture of scientific research. As a public institution, colleges and universities also have room for promotion in their administrative positions, and once they have certain administrative positions, they still have the opportunity to be seconded and transferred to government agencies. In reality, a large number of administrative leaders have experience in university management. What’s more, administrative posts in colleges and universities also have two holidays in one year, which is also an important welfare compared with enterprises and government agencies.

　　It is necessary to change the concept and guarantee the mechanism.

　　Some experts have pointed out that all fields and posts in society need doctoral talents. Doctoral students should change their employment concept, dare to enter small and medium-sized enterprises and other fields, and even dare to start their own businesses. They should have the determination and courage to do something. In this regard, the author believes that the doctor’s choice of non-academic market employment can not be solved simply by "changing ideas", but by considering comprehensive factors and corresponding institutional mechanisms.

　　First of all, the cost of trial and error for doctors to choose non-academic market employment is very high. When the doctor graduated, he was old enough to talk about marriage and establish a family, and even many doctoral students were married. Therefore, the family burden and economic pressure it faces are not small, and the cost of trial and error and the family’s ability to bear risks cannot be ignored. The so-called "changing ideas, daring to enter small and medium-sized enterprises, and even starting their own businesses" is not a simple statement, and this statement is not universal.

　　Secondly, there is still a very high sunk cost for doctors to choose non-academic market employment. It takes at least 10 years for a student to go from undergraduate course to master’s degree to doctor’s degree. Therefore, when making a choice, we should not only consider changing our ideas, but also ignore past investment.

　　Finally, as mentioned above, age discrimination is not uncommon in China’s current employment practice. This phenomenon exists not only in enterprises, but also in some government agencies and institutions. If you choose to work in an enterprise or even start your own business after graduation, you will face the risk of active or passive "re-employment" after the age of 35 or even 40. At this time, doctors no longer have any advantages in age, and at the same time they lack security, which will seriously affect their choice of employers in non-academic markets and non-institutional systems, and is also not conducive to doctors’ main body of innovation — — Play a role in the enterprise.

　　Therefore, employers in the non-academic market should consider the risk of trial and error, the sunk cost of past investment and the risk of re-employment in the future when introducing doctors, and provide them with corresponding treatment and protection.

　　In order to support the regional economic development, the local government of the employer should establish specific systems and mechanisms when introducing high-end doctoral talents, solve the risks and costs of doctors’ choosing non-academic market employment, establish a guarantee mechanism for them, solve worries, and consider combining the long-term development of doctors’ personal career with local social and economic development.

　　At the national level, doctors are the main force of scientific and technological innovation. In order to continuously promote scientific and technological progress and innovation and solve the problem of "sticking the neck", China should establish corresponding security systems and mechanisms, guide doctors to change their concepts, choose to work in non-academic markets such as enterprises, and continue to engage in scientific and technological innovation. Otherwise, as the main force of scientific and technological innovation, doctors have no choice but to give up their scientific and technological innovation work and mismatch with employers, so they cannot play their due role. The huge economic and time costs paid by the state, universities and individuals will be wasted. This is not conducive to the realization of personal value for individuals, but also a huge social cost loss for the country.

　　In administrative work, doctors have an "advantage"

　　From the perspective of institutional economics, it is beneficial to university governance for doctors to engage in the administrative work of colleges and universities to some extent.

　　In colleges and universities, there are different colleges and departments according to different disciplines, which are very different from each other. The professional knowledge and information of teaching and scientific research are more in the hands of secondary colleges or departments. This knowledge is "local", which determines that colleges or departments have the right to take actions according to their actual needs, so as to avoid increasing the cost of information transmission between university-level administrative organs and departments, realize more effective scientific decision-making and promote teachers’ scholarship.

　　In this respect, doctors engaged in administrative work have certain advantages.

　　Because of academic training and a certain academic vision, it is easier for doctors to form a consensus with teachers as administrators, which is helpful to promote the study of university teachers. The content of teachers’ scholarship includes the design of training objectives and schemes of various teaching projects, the approval of students’ academic level, the evaluation of academic level and contribution of teachers’ research, the formulation of academic standards for teachers’ employment and professional title promotion, and other academic issues. The solution of these problems not only needs a certain degree of "locality", but also needs a certain academic cognition.

　　Therefore, from the perspective of university governance, doctors as administrators will help reduce the management costs of universities and improve the level of university governance. This is what we need to pay attention to.

　　(The author is a professor at civil aviation university of china Law School)

Dalian customs cracked smuggling case on China-South Korea route

Recently, Dalian Customs cracked a smuggling case on the maritime route between China and South Korea. The smuggled cosmetics covered almost all Korean high-,medium-and low-grade cosmetics. According to preliminary estimates, the amount involved reached 30 million yuan. During the examination of the suspects, the customs anti-smuggling department found that the smuggling activities on the Sino-Korean international liner were conducted by a smuggling gang under the command and control of South Korean Cui Mou, and the crew of the "Feilong" colluded with Dalian port personnel for transportation and domestic personnel for sales.

Chinese was hit and killed while driving in the United States, taking full responsibility？ Are American traffic regulations reasonable？

　　Just a few days ago, a bus collided with a van on Highway 93 in the United States, and four China citizens on the van died, from Guangdong, China. The cause of the accident isAt an intersectionturn leftWhen,becauseThe driver of the car didn’t stop at the stop sign.Make way,It collided with a bus that went straight across the street, leading to a tragedy..

　　The picture of the intersection shot by local TV station ktnv.

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　　Both cars ran off the road,The car has changed beyond recognition.

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　　The local football team to which the bus belongs has expressed condolences to the victims. According to the current investigation, there is no obvious fault in the bus accident, but whether the vehicle itself has hidden troubles is currently under investigation.

　　Why not STOP

　　▼

　　

　　On the American highway“STOP”Stop signs are very common, and they work just like.traffic lightsAlmost. This sign will appear anywhere where there is a possibility of a car meeting. Be sure to stop completely when you encounter it.Observe the surrounding road conditions for at least 3 seconds before continuing to pass..If you find a through car on the opposite side before turning left, you must make way.

　　

　　The above picture shows the google street view of the incident. On the way, the vehicles waiting for the left turn are lined up, and the "stop sign" is circled next to it.

　　The price is heavy.

　　▼

　　The families of the victims are currently applying for further investigation. Perhaps the position of the STOP sign is not obvious. Perhaps the final investigation results show that the bus also needs to bear some responsibility, but whether other people are responsible or not, if the driver who died stopped at that time, even if he observed it more when turning, this thing might not have happened, and four fresh lives would not have passed away. This is the most important thing.

　　Sometimes, rules are not used to restrict others, but to protect themselves.

　　On August 10, 2016, a family of three in China, who was on vacation in California, USA, suddenly stopped at the center of the expressway on Sunday night local time.After a few minutes, the car sped up again, and the police immediately signaled the private car to stop at the side of the road. A few minutes later, the police successfully stopped the private car and ordered a family of three to get off. At this time, a family of three was stunned when they saw that they were surrounded by police officers with guns.

　　After questioning, the police realized that they were tourists from China who were traveling in the local area. Because they didn’t understand American traffic regulations, the thrilling car chase just happened, so they were not punished in the end. So today, if you have Fan Jun, I will tell you about the traffic regulations in the United States.

　　Right of way

　　1、Pedestrians always have the highest priority

　　When pedestrians cross the sidewalk, even if you have a green light here, wait for pedestrians to completely cross the sidewalk before starting to pass.

　　

　　2、On the priority of straight and parallel roads

　　Where roads meet, an inverted triangle red sign "YIELD" is usually set up to remind parallel vehicles to "give way" and direct traffic has priority.

　　

　　3、At special intersections, first-come vehicles have priority.

　　At intersections without traffic lights, the first thing to do is to STOP the car completely before the "stop" sign (be careful not to slip).After confirming that the vehicles arriving horizontally or opposite have stopped completely, and once again confirming that there are no pedestrians crossing the road, you can step on the accelerator and quickly clear the intersection. Vehicles arriving at the back will pass in turn according to this principle.

　　

　　4、On the priority of vehicles around the island

　　Vehicles that have entered the roundabout have priority, and vehicles that are about to merge into the roundabout must wait for the vehicles that have already traveled around the roundabout on the left to pass before merging into the roundabout. And before leaving the roundabout, you must turn on the turn signal to indicate the driving direction!

　　5、On the priority of special vehicles

　　When encountering police cars, ambulances and fire engines flashing warning lights, you should immediately give way and pull over. If you are at a crossing or an expressway, you should stop and make way through the crossing or choose a safe situation that will not affect the passage of others.

　　6、On the priority of school buses

　　When the yellow "SCHOOL BUS" stops and the "STOP" sign flashes, you must not overtake at this time. You should stop behind the school bus and wait until the students get on and off.

　　

　　highway

　　The United States has developed road traffic and dense road networks. In the United States and go on road trip, it is necessary to basically understand the types and application of various highways.

　　1. Expressway

　　① Interstate Highway.

　　② U.S.Highway (U.S. Highway)

　　③ State Highway.

　　④ Second state highway/county highway.

　　

　　You can basically see the direction by looking at the highway numbers in the United States. Odd highways, such as No.101, are north-south and even highways, such as No.80, are east-west.And with "E", "S", "W" and "N", it indicates the direction of the east, south, west and north.

　　About "Carpool"

　　When passing through the expressway, you will usually see a "?"clearly painted with a diamond sign on the ground at the leftmost side of the road. , and the Carpool Lane marked with the sign "Car Pool Lane". The carpool lane is a lane dedicated to buses or shared vehicles on the expressway. If the knowledge inside the car meets the minimum requirements for carpooling, you can drive in the carpool lane, and motorcycle drivers can also use the carpool lane unless otherwise marked.

　　

　　Tips：

　　The entrance and exit of the combined carriageway are marked with special signs, and it is not allowed to switch between the combined carriageway and the ordinary carriageway at will. You can enter and exit at the place marked by the dotted line on the ground. When the solid line or double solid line appears, you can’t switch lanes, and you can only drive in Carpool until the dotted line appears in the next section of the road.

　　In the west of the United States, you can use Carpool if the driver meets the minimum standards for two drivers and passengers. However, Carpool is sometimes not exactly the same route as the ordinary lane. If you want to get off, be careful to switch to the ordinary lane in advance so as not to miss the crossing.

　　2. Toll Road

　　During the long self-driving trip to the west of the United States, there are not many toll roads, most of which are free roads with good road conditions. Here are some typical examples of toll roads.

　　① The scenic toll road-17miles between Monterrey and Carmel, needless to say, is famous for its beautiful scenery and magnificent sea view, and there are also luxury houses and golf courses in rich areas.

　　

　　② Toll of Golden Gate Bridge

　　Passing the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco and leaving the city (from south to north) is free of charge; However, when entering the city (from being taken to the south), a bridge toll will be charged. However, in 2013, manual fees were cancelled and changed to electronic fees. If you forget to pay, you will be charged a high fine by the car rental company.

　　

　　③ Highway CA-73 from ③Los Angeles to San Digeo.

　　From Los Angeles to San Diego, whether it is Google recommended route or GPS navigation, you will be instructed to take I-405 and then CA-73. And CA-73 is an out-and-out toll route (take I-5, which is fast and has no toll road).

　　

　　3. Speed limit and drunk driving

　　The traffic laws of American states have different restrictions on speeding. Even on the same highway, the speed limit may be different in different States. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the speed limit signs on the roadside from time to time during driving!

　　In the western States of the United States, the maximum speed limit of expressways is generally 70-75miles(*1.6 =112-120 km/h), which is not much different from the maximum speed limit of expressways in China. But in some special sections or country roads, the speed limit is strictly required, and the interstate highway police may be waiting to measure your driving speed somewhere.

　　Tips：

　　(1) If time permits, it is recommended to drive at the speed limit, and the police generally ignore it if it exceeds 5~10 miles.

　　(2) In the case of general speeding, the police usually catch the first car, so if you want to catch up with speeding and don’t want to be caught, find a car with faster speed, haha.

　　(3) Although the speed limit is 35-45miles when driving in a national park, you should be especially careful that wild animals suddenly cross the road, sometimes it will be a false alarm! In places where wild animals often pass, parks usually set up warning signs!

　　

　　The punishment for drunk driving in the United States is very serious, which is not only a simple violation of traffic laws, but also a criminal act that violates the criminal law. Usually sentenced to long detention, high fines, revocation of driver’s license, etc. And according to personal physique, drinking 1-2 glasses of beer will also be judged as drunk driving.

　　Tips：

　　California law stipulates that it is illegal for fellow passengers to drink alcoholic beverages in the car! Alcoholic beverages can only be stored in the trunk. 3. The main traffic signs are just like those in China. There are many signs of traffic rules, and most of them can show their meanings according to words or diagrams, which is convenient for implementation at a glance. Several main traffic signs are listed as follows:

　　

　　Step 4 stop the car

　　Stop temporarily on both sides of the road within the city, and you will find that the roadside is painted in various colors, and some of them are marked with time. This is the American traffic rules that control the parking range by color.

　　White: temporary parking only, for passengers to get on and off or deliver mail.

　　Green: Parking time is limited. Pay attention to the sign next to the green area or the time allowed to stay on the curb.

　　Yellow: Only passengers can stop temporarily when getting on or off or loading and unloading goods. Drivers of non-commercial vehicles usually have to stay in the car.

　　Cyan: Only licensed vehicles or designated vehicles (disabled vehicles, etc.) can park. Red: No parking or staying (buses can stop temporarily in the red sign area of the bus).

　　

　　"NO PARKING": No parking sign with obvious signs, otherwise it will be towed. And other time-limited stop signs.

　　

　　In most roadside parking places, there are parking meters (commonly known as meters). There are also pointer parking meters and liquid crystal parking meters. Generally, there are more detailed instructions on the parking meters. You can use the parking spaces corresponding to the parking meters by putting in coins or swiping credit cards according to the display prompts.

　　Tips:

　　In some areas, even if there is a parking meter on the roadside, there is no charge after 18: 00 on the roadside sign or parking meter. Pay attention to these free time slots before you put money in again, so as not to waste money.

　　

　　No matter in the parking lots of Outlets, Wal-Mart, COSTCO and other large supermarket chains or stores, parking is free. Don’t put valuables and luxury shopping bags in your car, especially when you go shopping at outlets. Thieves know which cars have license plates from car rental companies and specialize in smashing such cars.

　　For a motel, whether it can park for free depends on its charge. Generally speaking, parking fees are charged for motels in central cities or tourist cities, such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego and Monterrey.

　　Generally, it is impossible to collect fees in remote and sparsely populated places.

　　Tips: When booking a hotel and booking a room on site, you can ask whether parking is charged! Tourist attractions, such as Grand Canyon National Park, Zain National Park, Monument Valley, etc., all parking spaces are free after paying tickets to enter the scenic spot.

　　Be careful not to park in disabled parking spaces!Will face the risk of vehicles being towed and high fines!

　　

　　Ramp parking

　　Parking in a city like San Francisco, which has a huge road ramp, will lead to the possibility of vehicles slipping. How to prevent slipping and avoid collision accidents, the ramp parking method will be used.

　　

　　Parking uphill:

　　The front wheel faces the center of the road.

　　

　　Step 5 overtake

　　(1) Overtaking on the expressway

　　Overtaking is usually on the left. If the speed of the front car is too slow, you can gradually approach to a moderate position (never too close, enter the blind area of the rear-view mirror of the front car). Generally, when the front car notices it, it will turn to the right and give way to you. Of course, it also applies to your own situation as the front car.

　　(2) rural two-lane overtaking by road

　　If it is a two-way two-lane country road, judge whether you can overtake according to the yellow line in the center of the road.

　　When there is a separate yellow dotted line, overtaking can be carried out by borrowing the other lane from both cars. Generally, a single dotted line will appear on a straight road with a good line of sight.

　　

　　When there is a yellow dotted line and a yellow solid line, vehicles on the dotted line side can borrow the other lane to overtake, while vehicles on the solid line side can’t borrow the lane to overtake. It is observed that the virtual and real lines appear alternately on a section of road, just to avoid the danger caused by overtaking vehicles.

　　

　　There are warning signs in front of the overtaking lane and the roadside that is about to enter the overtaking lane. You should prepare for overtaking and the driving regulations of being overtaken according to the warning.

　　Ave. avenue boulevard

　　Blvd. bouldevard

　　Cir. Cirle

　　Dr. drive

　　E. east east

　　epwy. Expressway

　　fwy. Freeway

　　hwy. highway

　　ln. lane

　　North north

　　pkwy. Parkway

　　Rd. road road

　　S. south south

　　St. street neighborhood

　　W. west west

　　wy. way

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Changsha women’s hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen： enviable

　　Transferred from | xiaoxiang morning herald

　　Reporter | Wu Chen Xingzi

　　Recently, a netizen in Changsha shared his experience: "My mother is really a social cow … I am doing fetal monitoring in bed. She had a good chat with her aunt on the same floor, and she also performed splits for others. My aunt also showed her photos of the children in her mobile phone."

　　Some netizens ridiculed: "It’s good, your mother thinks that you are fine, and she happens to be fine." "It’s amazing, both social skills and physical fitness are enviable."

Changsha women's hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen: enviable

　　△ Ms. Chen’s mother just got up after splitting.

　　On March 10th, the netizen, Ms. Chen, told the xiaoxiang morning herald that she was going to have a caesarean section on March 3rd, so she was hospitalized one day earlier, and her 53-year-old mother came to Changsha from her hometown of Chengdu to take care of herself. On March 2, I was doing a fetal monitoring, and my mother happened to meet an aunt on the same floor. They talked about some common topics, such as what sports they usually do. "My mother was in poor health before, her heart function was not very sound, and she was also severely anemic, so she paid special attention to health care in the past two years, such as dancing square dance, riding mountain bikes, playing drums and so on."

　　Ms. Chen’s mother was going to enroll in a yoga class recently, and the aunt’s daughter happened to be practicing yoga, so they chatted happily. "My mother said that because she was very flexible in the square dance, she had to perform a split for the aunt, and then she helped my hospital bed slide down directly." Ms. Chen said that everyone nearby praised her mother’s ability, and that aunt might not be very flexible, and she felt envious when she saw her mother split.

Changsha women's hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen: enviable

　　"My mother has always been a big heart, and she is very optimistic wherever she goes. She laughs and laughs, it’s no big deal." She said that her mother usually splits when she goes to work. "The monitoring in the company often photographs her splitting when she is at work. After lifting her body through fitness in the past two years, she has to show off everywhere she goes, haha. "

　　Ms. Chen also said that on the day of her discharge on March 7, when her mother came in, she just struggled to get out of the hospital bed. "As a result, she didn’t look at me when she came in, and went straight to the crib to say; Oh, my lovely grandson! Grandma is coming to see you!’ Then I packed up my things in the ward and left, without paying attention to me. "

　　Many netizens also shared their relatives’ "social cow experience" under Ms. Chen’s post: "My mother’s New Year’s program is to perform splits for relatives" "My father performs splits everywhere he goes on a trip, and others say that he has China Kung Fu" …

Changsha women's hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen: enviable

Changsha women's hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen: enviable

Changsha women's hospital baby, social cow mother performing splits! Netizen: enviable

Source: xiaoxiang morning herald.

Boarding a warship, marching at the grass-roots level, the supreme leader of the battlefield, strengthening the army, forging elite troops

　　CCTV News:On the morning of April 12, the Central Military Commission held a grand military parade in the South China Sea. 48 warships, 76 fighter planes and more than 10,000 officers and men of the People’s Navy were organized into 7 battle groups and 10 air echelons for inspection. This is the largest military parade at sea in the history of New China, and it is the heroic appearance of the People’s Navy in the new era.

4月12日上午，中央军委在南海海域隆重举行海上阅兵，展示人民海军崭新面貌，激发强国强军坚定信念。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖检阅部队并发表重要讲话。这是最高领袖检阅海上编队。新华社记者 李刚 摄

　　　 4月12日上午，中央军委在南海海域隆重举行海上阅兵，展示人民海军崭新面貌，激发强国强军坚定信念。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖检阅部队并发表重要讲话。这是最高领袖检阅海上编队。新华社记者 李刚 摄

　　Accompanied by the impassioned March, the ships being read are breaking waves with great momentum, and the air echelon is soaring into the sky. Under the review of the supreme leader, the training troops, with the great trust of the party and the people, rushed to the training sea area, and a cross-regional military exercise was fully launched at sea.

　　"Practice how to fight soldiers, practice what you need to fight, fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of officers and men, and seize the upsurge of military training in the whole army." Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader has visited the front line of combat for many times to review the actual combat drills of the troops: wearing military uniforms, boarding warships, going down to the grassroots level, and marching on the battlefield. The cordial greetings have warmed the hearts of all the soldiers of the army, and the far-sighted instructions have condensed the great power of strengthening and rejuvenating the army in the new era.

　　Inspection of multiple arms and fields, highlighting actual combat training

　　After the review ceremony on April 12, the Supreme Leader gave important instructions to build a world-class navy: fully implement the combat effectiveness standards, pay great attention to actual combat military training, maintain a high state of alert, and strive to enhance the ability and level of carrying out diversified military tasks.

　　Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader has attached great importance to our army’s preparations for war, and "actual combat military training" has become the most talked about topic by the Supreme Leader to frontline grassroots officers and soldiers.

　　"How is the daily combat readiness training? How is the related security work going? What are the practical difficulties? " On November 3, 2017, the supreme leader came to the Central Building of the Military Commission in uniform. When calling the frontline task forces through video, he asked the most questions about daily preparation training.

　　On December 13, 2017, the Supreme Leader visited the 71st Army and once again emphasized the focus on preparing for war. The whole army is required to grasp the characteristics and laws of the construction, management and operation of the group army, solidly promote the transformation and construction, comprehensively improve the ability to win, and fulfill the mission and tasks entrusted by the party and the people in the new era.

　　In order to improve the ability of troops to prepare for war, President Xi personally planned and organized major training activities, and personally made decisions and directed major military operations.

　　2018-01-03 The Central Military Commission held the 2018 training mobilization meeting. More than 7,000 soldiers in the main venue of the training conference were fully armed and lined up, and more than 4,000 sub-venues of the whole army were assembled for standby. This is the first time that the Central Military Commission has organized a unified mobilization of the whole army, and it is a brand-new appearance for the people’s army to strengthen training and preparation for the new era.

　　In the instructions, the Supreme Leader emphasized that all levels of the army should strengthen the clear orientation of training and preparing for war, unswervingly put military training in a strategic position and take it as a central task, seize it, achieve results, and resolutely complete the mission and tasks entrusted by the party and the people in the new era.

　　The people’s army has created many brilliant achievements, and the people of China have long been far away from the era of war and smoke. However, in the new era, China’s national security still faces many uncertain factors.

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival in 2018, the supreme leader came to a base of the troops stationed in Sichuan to visit the officers and men of the troops. For how to deal with the national security challenges in the new era, the Supreme Leader gave the answer: we should strengthen reform and innovation, accelerate the transformation and development, persist in fighting against scientific and technological innovation, strengthen key technologies, and maintain the initiative in international competition.

　　From the army to the navy, from the desert in the northwest to the southeast coast, the supreme leader’s investigation has covered many arms and fields of the whole army. Under the guidance of the supreme leader, a wave of actual combat military training has risen rapidly. It has become the consensus of the whole army to establish combat effectiveness standards, innovate the construction management and operational application methods of the group army, and improve the mobile operations and three-dimensional offensive and defensive capabilities.

　　Carry out the thought of strengthening the army in the new era and emphasize starting from leading cadres

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China set a timetable for the realization of the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era, and proposed that a series of fundamental principles and systems of leading the people’s army by the Party must be fully implemented, and the guiding position of the Party’s thought of strengthening the army in the new era in national defense and army building should be established.

　　如何确保党的强军思想在国防和军队建设中的指导地位，最高领袖在多次军队考察中强调军队各级党委要强化责任担当，带领军队把各项任务完成好。

11月3日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、军委联指总指挥最高领袖视察军委联合作战指挥中心，表明新一届军委贯彻落实党的十九大精神、推动全军各项工作向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦的鲜明态度。这是最高领袖带领军委一班人研究军委联指中心建设情况。新华社记者 李刚 摄

　　　 2017年11月3日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、军委联指总指挥最高领袖视察军委联合作战指挥中心，表明新一届军委贯彻落实党的十九大精神、推动全军各项工作向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦的鲜明态度。这是最高领袖带领军委一班人研究军委联指中心建设情况。新华社记者 李刚 摄

　　在军委联指中心大楼，最高领袖明确表态，军队是要准备打仗的，军委必须懂打仗、善谋略、会指挥。军委工作一开始就要把备战打仗的指挥棒立起来，带领我军真正做到能打仗、打胜仗，担当起党和人民赋予的新时代使命任务。

　　在71集团军“王杰班”，最高领袖强调，要弘扬光荣传统和优良作风，扎实开展“传承红色基因、担当强军重任”主题教育，让红色基因代代相传。

　　在全军动员大会主会场，最高领袖号召，全军指战员要坚决贯彻党中央和中央军委决策指示，发扬一不怕苦、二不怕死的战斗精神，刻苦训练、科学训练，勇于战胜困难，勇于超越对手，锻造召之即来、来之能战、战之必胜的精兵劲旅，坚决完成党和人民赋予的新时代使命任务。

　　At a base of the troops stationed in Sichuan, the supreme leader pointed out: it is necessary to strengthen political guarantee, strengthen ideological and political construction, do a good job in building party organizations at all levels, do a good job in laying the foundation at the grassroots level, and comprehensively and strictly educate and manage the troops to ensure their absolute loyalty, purity and reliability.

　　In addition to strengthening the construction of leading cadres in the army, the care of the top leaders for grassroots soldiers is also very warm.

　　During the military parade at sea, the supreme leader came to the sailors’ restaurant to have lunch with the sailors and asked about their study, training and life. When inspecting the 71st Army, the Supreme Leader called the soldiers to sit around and asked them about their study, training and life in detail, encouraging them to make persistent efforts and take the lead in being Wang Jie-style good soldiers in the new era. When talking to the officers and men of Xisha monitoring and control point, the Supreme Leader asked whether the island environment can adapt and how to prepare for the New Year … …

　　The key to strengthening the army is people. From Gutian to Beijing, from grass-roots soldiers to leading cadres, President Xi’s important instructions have provided fundamental guidance for training a new generation of revolutionary soldiers.

　　Implement the goal of combat effectiveness and safeguard world and regional peace and stability

　　Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the supreme leader’s inspection of the army has embarked on a road map of strengthening and rejuvenating the army in the new era.

　　"No matter how developed China is, we will not threaten anyone, subvert the current international system or seek to establish a sphere of influence." At the just-concluded annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia, the top leaders once again demonstrated the posture of China’s peaceful rise.

12月13日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖到陆军第71集团军视察。这是“王杰班”现任班长王大毛向最高领袖演示每天为老班长王杰整理床铺的情景。

　　　 2017年12月13日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖到陆军第71集团军视察。这是“王杰班”现任班长王大毛向最高领袖演示每天为老班长王杰整理床铺的情景。

　　在最高领袖心中，国家安全是国家发展的最重要基石、人民福祉的最根本保障。中国人民军队全面提高新时代备战打仗能力，是为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚实的战略支撑。

　　强调实战化训练，锻造一支召之即来、来之能战、战之必胜的精兵劲旅；重视军队领导、人才建设，确保部队绝对忠诚、绝对纯洁、绝对可靠；以坚持战斗力标准为抓手，将新时代最高领袖强军思想落到实处，才能够决战决胜、不辱使命。

　　实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，保障人民安居乐业，国家安全是头等大事。正如习总书记所言“当前我国国家安全内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富，时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广，内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂”，全军指战员要坚决贯彻党中央和中央军委决策指示，发扬一不怕苦、二不怕死的战斗精神，刻苦训练、科学训练，勇于战胜困难，勇于超越对手，坚决完成党和人民赋予的新时代使命任务。（文/程祥）

At the end of this year, primary school students are playing with exams to guide students to pay attention to facts and communication.

　　It is another final season, and the "small bean bags" in the lower grades of primary schools in this city are welcoming the "Le Kao" one after another to show their academic achievements. Compared with previous years, "Le Kao" gradually approached life, no longer simply emphasizing that students should have a good time, but also emphasizing that they should get something from playing. Wei Lan, a Chinese teacher at Chongwen Primary School, said that traditional test papers can’t speak, and students need to answer with pens. The "music test" is by no means a simple test of knowledge points, but also tests the communication between students and "examiners", guides them to pay attention to the practical things around them and actively participate in urban life.

　　Move the central axis into the classroom

　　Early this morning, the teachers in the high-quality education resource belt of dengshikou primary school were busy drawing a map of the "central axis", and the "location" of the academic display of the junior students in this school was chosen on the central axis. The themes of Grade 12 and Grade 12 are "Adventures in Central Axis Treasure Hunting" and "Showing the elegant demeanor of knowledge, enjoying the interest of the city gate and inheriting the central axis culture". Teachers of all disciplines should create learning situations by using the historical sites such as the Forbidden City, Beihai and Jingshan on the central axis.

　　There are still a few days before the "Le Kao", and teachers are busy discussing the knowledge points to be involved. The subject of Chinese intends to combine knowledge points such as pinyin, words and speech with the main hall in the Forbidden City, so that students can experience the fun of a "to be no.1" all the way through customs. Mathematics teachers focused their attention on Beihai, climbing the White Pagoda to find figures, looking for secrets in the Nine Dragon Wall and other links, covering knowledge points such as "recognizing time" and "counting quantity". The teacher of the school said: "As a primary school student in Beijing, we should pay attention to what is happening in this city. For example, many Beijingers are making efforts to apply for the central axis, so we chose this as the topic to guide students to actively participate in the protection of the ancient capital. "

　　The first-grade academic exhibition of Heizhima Hutong Primary School in Dongcheng District, which is located near the central axis, is like a story meeting with the central axis. Students have to go through six simulated scenes: Gu Xiang Cultural Center (sachet of traditional Chinese medicine), Beijing Fan, non-legacy creation shop, cloisonne, snuff bottle and China Rabbit Art Museum.

　　The mascot of the Winter Olympics is the "examiner"

　　"Do you like winter?" On the morning of 24th, the indoor stadium of Chongwen Primary School became a "world of ice and snow", with "Giant Panda" and "Little Penguin" as guides, and from time to time, they compared themselves with the students who took the "Le Kao". The mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympics, "Bing Dundun" and "Snow Rongrong", have directly become "examiners". In the next few days, there will be nearly 1,500 primary school students from five schools in Dongchongqian School District.

　　In the "Frozen" area, john young, a teacher of the school, is exchanging experiences in ice and snow sports with primary school students in English. She said with a smile: "If the little classmates say that they can’t skate and ski, they won’t simply end the topic. For example, guide them to participate in ice and snow activities during the winter vacation and experience the fun of ice and snow. " The words and sentences that children spell in Chinese Pinyin are also related to ice and snow. A successful pupil said, "It’s interesting to play games and learn curling knowledge."

　　Gao Lihua, a math teacher, said: "Some parents are worried that their children will not adapt to the test paper at the end of the third grade. In fact, children will use the test paper in the unit test now, and ‘ Lekao ’ In the process, we will also try our best to design knowledge points reasonably. For example, the simple mathematical picture way to ask questions now is related to the linear diagram that will be learned in the future, which will subtly guide children to have mathematical thinking. "

　　The "new" interpretation of ancient rhyme is becoming popular.

　　At the end of this semester, Jintai College Primary School will organize the first and second grade students to carry out academic exhibition activities with the theme of "Happy China Year". "This year is characterized by borrowing modern information technology to understand traditional culture." Zhang Xian, the principal of the school, said that during the "Le Kao" process, students will use the iPad in their hands to learn about the customs and interests of the Spring Festival, record and sort out their own gains in various disciplines since one semester, and share them with their friends.

　　The first-year students of Yongding Branch in Experiment 2 have already taken part in a music test. Some children put on traditional costumes and recited Disciples Rules in chorus. Some children show Chinese martial arts live. The school specially invited parents to the activity site. Tan Feng, the principal of the school, said that parents and teachers should learn to wait, listen and ask questions in their interaction with children.

　　The content of "Le Kao" in the new residential area of Dongfeng Primary School in Shunyi District has been finalized as "Feelings of Home and Country", and primary school students interpret their home and country with the latest eyes. The students also tried to be examiners for each other in the "optional questions" such as expressing "family in my heart" in graphic form and introducing the process of your participation in community activities. The teacher of the school said that the key point of the "Happy Exam" process is not the exam, but to fully mobilize students’ initiative in the process of different forms of activities, and to inspire and influence each other in the process of active participation in activities and effective interaction among students, so as to consolidate and deepen correct cognition, good behavior and positive emotion.

　　Our reporter Liu Yuwen Deng Wei photo

Advanced deeds of heroes in disaster relief and rescue in CSIC 760 Institute.

Stand up in an emergency, and the national interest is more important than everything in a crisis. Next, let’s review the situation at that time.

At about 10 a.m. on the 20th, typhoon "Wambia" became more and more influential, and the cable column of a key national test platform fell off, which may be blown away by strong wind, or the test platform may be out of control, damaged, overturned and sunk.

Shan Zhenglei, a support staff of a test platform in the 76th O Research Institute of CSIC, said: "At that time, the left and right (shaking) reached 15 degrees, and the left and right were 15 degrees. The (shaking) was particularly severe, and people could not stand on it."

At that time, the situation was very critical, and four support personnel were working on the platform. Huang Qun, deputy director of the 760 Institute, led Song Yuecai, Jiang Kaibin and others and rescue equipment, and rushed into the rainstorm. Just as they were reinforcing the cable of the test platform, the accident happened.

Wang Guilong, an anti-risk officer of the 760 Research Institute of CSIC, said: "There was a sudden wave behind us, but I heard one of their colleagues shouting on the rescue platform that there were waves, but there was no place for us to catch them." According to witnesses, the highest waves at that time could reach forty or fifty meters. Seven rescuers have been involved in the sea.

Dong Jiang, an anti-danger officer of the 760 Research Institute of CSIC, said: "I went directly into the water, and I was looking for something (grasping) at that time. Because there was a rope, they threw us a lot of ropes in the water, so I found the rope and pulled it quickly." Seeing this situation, four people waiting to be rescued on the test platform also took action immediately to rescue their colleagues who fell into the water. Dong Jiang, an anti-danger officer at the 76th O Research Institute of CSIC, said: "I grabbed the rope, and after I left the water, there was a surge, a wave, and I photographed it directly. At that time, the only way to feel that way was to persist. Look, they can only rescue, and we just wait, that is, persist, save one, and we will feel better if we save one. "

Because the wind and waves were too big, these tough guys finally failed to save everyone, so they could only watch their colleagues being swallowed up by the sea in the storm. Shan Zhenglei, a support staff of a test platform of the 760 Research Institute of CSIC, said: "I have been saving, but there is still no way to save them. He (Huang Qun) has been watching me, but I can’t save him and can’t do anything." After several hours of salvage and rescue, rescuers finally confirmed that Huang Qun, deputy director of No.760 Institute, Song Yuecai, head of test platform, and Jiang Kaibin, head of electromechanical equipment, were killed.

[detailed]

"Ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people" is not only an oath read when joining the party, but also a belief and strength internalized in the heart and externalized in action.

Typhoon crossing the border, the national key test platform is in danger; At a critical juncture, Communist party member stepped forward. During the reinforcement work, three people were unfortunately caught in the sea by huge waves and died heroically … Recently, the deeds of three comrades, Huang Qun, Song Yuecai and Jiang Kaibin, from the 760th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation made people feel the faith and loyalty of communist party people again.

The hero is dead, but the spirit lives on. They explained the excellent character of Communist party member’s loyalty to the Party, dedication and fear of sacrifice with practical actions, and practiced the initial heart and oath of Communist party member’s "being ready to sacrifice everything for the Party and the people at any time" with precious life. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions after hearing the news, praising them as "outstanding representatives of Communist party member and model of the times", and encouraging party member cadres to follow their example, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind their mission, perform their duties conscientiously, and make contributions to the party and the country.

　"Showing one’s skill in times of crisis, being fearless of storms is true", "Never hesitating to complete one’s mission, this is Communist party member" and "What you are holding up is the backbone of the spirit" … The three Communist party member, who are fearless of storms and risked their lives to forget their lives, not only protected the experimental platform and saved the state property, but also planted spiritual seeds in people’s hearts and inspired the power of moving. As netizens said, those who are ready to give their lives for the country, the nation and the people have achieved a "capitalized life".

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is composed of countless outstanding comrades who are "ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people"; The Chinese nation, from standing up to becoming rich and then becoming strong, is supported by countless party member and Qi Li who are "loyal to the Party, conscientious in their duties and not afraid of sacrifice". In order to suppress the blowout, "Iron Man" Wang Jinxi jumped into the mire and stirred up the cement at the bottom of the mud pool with his body; In order to make the mountain area green and the villagers rich, Li Baoguo, a "Taihang boy", dedicated his life to Taihang Mountain area. "Our ancestors were not afraid of bleeding, so let’s sweat a little"; In order to let Chinese "see through" the earth, Huang Danian, the "son of the earth", always runs at an excessive speed like a rotor. No one can "stop the determination of the latecomers to move forward" … The consistent belief and the belief in the same strain have made generations of communist party people regard themselves as a huge sum of money, write their loyalty on the bright red party flag and write their feelings on the motherland.[detailed]

A building in Tianjin caught fire, and the property denied that it was caused by a gas explosion.

　According to China News Weekly’s WeChat WeChat official account news, at about 14 o’clock on August 22nd, the external wall of Xintiandi Building in Nankai District, Tianjin caught fire. Fire can be seen from the top of the podium to the top of the building on the east side of the building.

Subsequently, the emergency and fire departments in Tianjin quickly rushed to the scene and devoted themselves to fire fighting and evacuation. At 15: 00 that day, the fire was basically controlled.

According to China fire official Weibo, the tianjin fire Rescue Corps organized several search and rescue teams to enter the burning Xintiandi Building to carry out personnel search and rescue.

At 17: 00 on the same day, China Newsweek saw at the scene that the open flame of the external wall insulation layer of Xintiandi Building had been completely extinguished, and the cause of the fire was under further investigation. No casualties have been reported so far. 　　

"On the last day of work, the unit caught fire."

According to public information, Tianjin Xintiandi Building, located at No.345 Nanjing Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, is located near Haiguang Temple subway station and was completed in 2009.

CCTV news reports that the Xintiandi Building on fire is an office building with 27 floors above ground and 2 floors underground. At present, the open flame of the external insulation layer of the building has been extinguished. Fire and rescue personnel have organized six internal search and rescue teams to enter the building for evacuation and search and rescue.

China Newsweek saw at the scene that there were still more than a dozen fire engines of various types at the scene. Including high-pressure spray vehicles, emergency rescue vehicles, water tankers, compressed air foam vehicles, light tower, decontamination vehicles, etc. Near the 20th floor of the external wall of Xintiandi Building, there are still firefighters working through the ladder. The glass and metal fragments produced by the combustion were sputtered to a radius of 200 meters outside the building.

Metal fragments near the scene/photo by Chen Weijing

Outside Xintiandi Mansion, Mr. Liu told China Newsweek that at about 14 o’clock, he was having dinner in Mr. Li’s beef noodle shop at the bottom of Xintiandi Mansion, when someone suddenly shouted fire, Mr. Liu hurried out of the restaurant.

"You can see that the fire is burning from the bottom up. When I looked up, it had burned to half of the building. After about 4-5 minutes, it burned to the top. With the burning, a large number of splashed fragments are everywhere. " Mr Liu told China Newsweek.

Because his tricycle was still parked at the door of the noodle restaurant, after the fire was put out, Mr. Liu repeatedly tried to enter the scene to retrieve the vehicle, but was dissuaded by the firefighters working on the spot.

Mr. Zhao worked in a well-known enterprise in Xintiandi Building. August 22nd was his last day in the company. When the fire broke out, he was going through the resignation formalities in the company. "At around 14: 30, before the resignation procedure was completed, I saw the smoke on the outer wall and everyone began to run out." Mr Zhao told China Newsweek.

Mr. Zhao’s company is at the top of Block A of Xintiandi Building. When he and his colleagues tried to escape through the stairs of Block A, they found that the smoke was already all over the stairwell. In the end, Mr. Zhao opened two doors connecting Block A and Block B in succession, and then escaped through the stairwell of Block B..

China Newsweek learned at the scene that there are many well-known local restaurants on the 1st-3rd floors of Xintiandi Building, and more guests come to dine on weekdays. The 4th-26th floors cover many enterprises, including beauty salons, education and training, construction engineering, sports culture, financial investment and other fields.

The building property denied that the fire was caused by the hotel gas explosion.

At the scene, some people told China Newsweek that when the fire broke out, they saw two people wearing chef’s clothes running out of the podium of the building. After running out, he said that the fire broke out because of the gas explosion in his restaurant.

Some businesses and people near the scene told China Newsweek that they did hear the explosion, but they could not confirm whether the explosion was the cause of the fire.

In this regard, the property owner of Tianjin Xintiandi Building, a field staff member of Tianjin Haust Property Management Development Co., Ltd. denied this statement to China Newsweek.

The staff speculated that the cause of the fire was that a fire source was thrown at the top of the fourth floor of the podium and ignited the top of the fourth floor. The office of the property is located on the 5th floor of the building, and the people in the building were evacuated immediately after the incident. However, it said that it is not clear from which floor the fire source was thrown. The speculation may be that some high-rise enterprises are renovating, and sparks flying out of the window lead to fire. The specific reasons have to wait for official investigation and notification.

According to Tianyancha App, Tianjin Haosite Property Management Development Co., Ltd. was established in May 2007, and its legal representative is Wang Jinglai, with a registered capital of 21 million RMB. Its business scope includes property management, real estate management, intelligent building management information consultation, etc. Jiang Shaoyong, Wang Jinglai, Tianjin iResearch Conference Consulting Service Co., Ltd. and others jointly hold shares.

The risk information shows that the company has many historical records of administrative punishment. In August 2022, the company provided comprehensive property services as the property of a company, and was punished by the Licheng District Fire Rescue Brigade of Jinan City because the fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire safety signs were not kept intact and effective. In August 2021, the company was fined 5,000 yuan by the Nankai District Health and Health Committee of Tianjin for failing to change the ashtray in the no-smoking area within the time limit; In June 2018, the company was fined 5,000 yuan by Feidong County Public Security Fire Brigade for failing to keep the fire facilities in good condition and effective.

Xintiandi Building with Fire/Photo by Chen Weijing

"stack effect" caused the fire to develop rapidly.

On the evening of August 22, professional building inspectors arrived at the scene and said that according to preliminary observation, some floors in Xintiandi Building were deformed, and how to deal with them in the next step needs further investigation and planning. The building will be closed for at least 3 days to assess the damage.

The employees working in Xintiandi Building and the surrounding people all told China Newsweek that the fire developed rapidly on the afternoon of August 22nd, and it reached the top of the building from the 3rd floor to the 4th floor in about 5 minutes.

The fire is developing rapidly/video screenshot of Yangguang. com

Regarding the reasons for the rapid development of the fire, Founder, a professor at the School of Civil and Civil Engineering of Wuhan University, told China Newsweek that it is normal for high-rise buildings to develop rapidly after a fire.

"In the north of China, some materials are often used to make the insulation layer on the exterior wall of buildings. According to the corresponding standards, the material of the insulation layer on the exterior wall should have certain flame retardancy, but even if it is completely made of flame retardant materials, it cannot completely prevent the occurrence of combustion, and it will still burn at high temperature." Founder said.

High-rise buildings have a strong "stack effect", and stack effect refers to the phenomenon that indoor air rises or falls along a space with a vertical slope, resulting in enhanced convection of air, which is a manifestation of heat exchange.

The reason why stack effect can aggravate the fire violently is that the hot air caused by the fire at the lower level can flow upward through the fire escape channel because of its low density, so that the hot gas can accumulate at the top of the channel continuously and at a high speed.

Founder said that the fire in Xintiandi Building in Tianjin was similar to the fire in China Telecom Building in Changsha, Hunan Province last September, which spread rapidly in a short time, but fortunately no casualties were caused.

Original title: A building in Tianjin caught fire, and the property denied that the fire was caused by a gas explosion.

Editor: Yang Yanlin

Editor: Liao Yi

Audit: Feng Fei

Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party (thoroughly study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era)

　　Open the road on every mountain and bridge when it meets water. After 40 years of steady progress, the Chinese nation is standing in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude. "Today, we are closer, more confident and capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history." This important judgment of the Supreme Leader accurately defines the historical position of contemporary China and fully expresses the self-reliance and self-confidence of the people of China. Forty years of reform and opening up have brought too many opportunities and challenges, too many struggles and gains, and too many feelings and thoughts to the people of China. Among them, the most unforgettable conclusion is that we must unswervingly uphold and improve the party’s leadership and unswervingly build the party stronger. In the new era, we must uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system.

　　"The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership". The "Eight Clarities" summarized in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as the guiding ideology is a core content of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　What are the characteristics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics? Comrade Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out during the first collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics is special in its road, theoretical system and system, in its internal relations of realization approach, action guide and fundamental guarantee, and in its unification with Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice." This clearly points out the three components and characteristics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader further discussed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road, theoretical system, system and culture, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics was solemnly expanded into four major components, namely four characteristics. Why is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership the most essential of these characteristics? The so-called essence refers to the fundamental attribute that is inherent in the thing itself and determines the nature, appearance and development of the thing. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership has such an attribute for Socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is because Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of the whole theory and practice of the Party since the reform and opening up, and it is the fundamental achievement that the Party and the people have made through hardships and paid a huge price. It is precisely because of the Party’s strong and correct leadership that Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road has become the only way to realize socialist modernization and create a better life for the people, Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System has become the correct theory to guide the Party and the people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics System has become the fundamental institutional guarantee for the development and progress of contemporary China.Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture has become a powerful spiritual force that inspires the whole party and people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead bravely. The magnificent journey of 40 years of reform and opening up shows that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a well-deserved pioneer, promoter and leader of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership determines the nature, appearance and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road, theoretical system, system and culture. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　What are the advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system? Why is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership the greatest advantage? The so-called superiority of the socialist system means the superiority of the socialist system in comparison and competition with the capitalist system and other social systems. It is generally believed that the superiority of the socialist system is mainly reflected in "three higher" and "one stronger" compared with various disadvantages of the capitalist system: higher productivity, higher equality, higher civilization, stronger cohesion and integration than capitalism. In addition, the superiority of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system also has distinct China characteristics, which are embodied in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence. Where does this "four self-confidences" come from? From their own advantages. And where does its superiority come from? From practice, from the people, from the truth, from the arduous struggle led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) over the past century. Without the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no creation and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and of course, there would be no superiority and self-confidence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road, theory, system and culture. There would be no China today, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation would be a pipe dream. History has proved and will continue to prove that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the source of the advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the advantage of forming other advantages.Is the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the choice of history and the choice of the people.

　　There are countless political parties in the world, and almost every political party wants to be recognized by history and supported by the people, but few political parties can really realize this desire and maintain this state for a long time. It has been 97 years since the Communist Party of China (CPC) came along, and it has been 69 years since he became the ruling party. So far, he is not only as stable as Mount Tai, but also in his prime. Why? Why did history and people choose the Communist Party of China (CPC)? This can be seen from the characteristics, image, strength and contribution of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　What are the characteristics of the Communist Party of China (CPC)? It is the nature, ideal, purpose and guiding ideology of the Party stipulated by Constitution of the Communist Party of China. The party’s "two vanguard" nature embodies the unity of class, mass and advanced nature; The lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics are the spiritual pillar and political soul of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and also the ideological basis for maintaining the unity and unity of the party; Serving the people wholeheartedly is the sole purpose of the party’s establishment, existence and development, an important magic weapon to be invincible without fear of all difficulties and obstacles, and a remarkable sign that our party is different from other political parties; Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought reveal the laws of the historical development of human society, which is scientific and occupies the commanding heights of truth, people-oriented and moral. All these fully show that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s nature, ideal, purpose and guiding ideology represent the correct direction of China’s historical progress and embody the fundamental interests of the working class and the overwhelming majority of the people in China. Visible, history and people chose the Communist Party of China (CPC), the most fundamental reason is the party’s own "qualitative stipulation" and the party’s advanced nature.

　　Intrinsic characteristics are often reflected through external images. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "The party’s style is the image of the party, and it is a barometer to observe the relationship between the party and the masses and the people’s hearts. If the party’s style is correct and the people’s heart is smooth, the party and the people can share joys and sorrows. " In the past century, the course that China has gone through, the course that the people of China and the Chinese nation have gone through, was paved with blood, sweat and tears by the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China, full of suffering and glory, twists and turns, victories, efforts and gains. Generation after generation of outstanding the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have made selfless contributions to the motherland and the people, vividly demonstrating communist party people’s feelings and noble sentiments for the people. They add luster to party flag, to the great cause led by the Party, and provide important conditions for the establishment of the Party’s leading position. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the party has achieved remarkable results in comprehensively administering the party strictly, and the people have praised the effectiveness of the party’s work style construction, and the foundation of the party’s governance has been further consolidated.

　　A political party must have strong power if it is to be chosen by history and recognized by the people. This power includes both the power that has been and is emerging, as well as the potential power; It includes both hard power and soft power. Because of its advanced nature and purity, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has shown great development potential since its establishment, and this potential is still being released. At the same time, the strength that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has shown makes people proud. For example, as far as hard power is concerned, there are more than 4.5 million grass-roots organizations in urban and rural areas in the Communist Party of China (CPC), more than 89 million party member who are fighting in all walks of life, more than 1.3 billion people who firmly support and follow them, and so on; As far as soft power is concerned, the Communist Party of China (CPC) enjoys high prestige among the people, and has rich experience in managing the party and the country, and so on. Strength is the basic condition for the survival, development and success of a political party. the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great strength enables her to stand any test.

　　The contribution made by a political party is related to social development and people’s well-being, and it is a major issue that political parties must always pay close attention to. In the magnificent historical process of nearly a hundred years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) relied on the people to cross one ditch after another and win one victory after another, and made outstanding achievements and great historical contributions for the Chinese nation. After the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC), United and led the people through long-term struggle, realizing the great leap of the Chinese nation from the sick man of East Asia to the station and from standing up to becoming rich. After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era since the 18th CPC National Congress. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the cause of the party and the state has made historic achievements and changes, and the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from being rich to being strong.

　　History and people have firmly chosen the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the whole party should more consciously adhere to the party’s leadership and China’s socialist system, and resolutely oppose all words and deeds that weaken, distort and deny the party’s leadership and China’s socialist system; We must uphold and strengthen the party’s overall leadership and ensure that the party always takes the overall situation and coordinates all parties.

　　A deep understanding of "upholding the party’s leadership over all work"

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized: "Adhere to the Party’s leadership over all work. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is leading everything. " To uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, we must thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress and Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, and deeply understand "upholding the Party’s leadership over all work".

　　The scope of Party leadership is "Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south", "Party, government, military and civilian studies" refers to the field in general, and "East, west, north and south" refers to the region in general. How does the party implement leadership? It is mainly to "take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform", which is to some extent the content and method of party leadership. The content is mainly the direction, the overall situation, the policy and the reform, and the way is mainly the plan, the decision and the promotion. By setting the direction, seeking the overall situation, formulating policies and promoting reform, we can mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole party, and constantly enhance the party’s political leadership, ideological leadership, mass organization and social appeal, and build the party into a Marxist ruling party that is always at the forefront of the times, wholeheartedly supported by the people, brave in self-revolution, able to withstand all kinds of storms and tests, and full of vitality.

　　To uphold the party’s leadership over all work, the first thing is to enhance political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, consciously safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, and consciously maintain a high degree of ideological and political action with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. From the political standpoint, political direction and political principles, any organization and member of the Party, no matter in which field, level or unit, must safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership. All work arrangements within the scope of functions and powers of departments and localities should be based on the premise of resolutely implementing the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, so that orders are prohibited, and it is absolutely not allowed to engage in another set behind the CPC Central Committee. In terms of mental state, the whole party must maintain the style of hard work, guard against arrogance and rashness, and strive to take the long March of the new era in the spirit of waiting for time and seizing the day. From the perspective of ruling ability, it is necessary to be politically competent and have high skills. Specifically, we should focus on strengthening eight skills, namely, learning skills, political leadership skills, reform and innovation skills, scientific development skills, ruling according to law skills, mass work skills, paying close attention to implementation skills, and controlling risks. To sum up, political firmness is the foundation, excellent style of work is the key, and high skill is the guarantee. If these three aspects are achieved, we can persist in telling the truth, seeking practical things, making practical moves and seeking practical results, combine vigorous and vigorous action with long-term success, be brave in tackling difficulties, and do all the work with the spirit of nailing nails.

　　As long as we always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party’s overall leadership, that is, to be perfect through persistence and persist in perfection, and "persevere despite all hardships", the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership over the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics will be extremely strong, and our cause will surely be invincible.

　　(The author is the president of the Chinese Communist Party History Society and the former director of the Central Party History Research Office)