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The box office does not mean that all movies still need masters.

　　1994 was a magical year in the world film history, with many excellent works shining in the film history. Around that year, China’s film moderns, Chen Kaige’s Farewell My Concubine won the only Palme d ‘Or in China, Zhang Yimou’s Alive won the Best Actor, and Jiang Wen’s first novel Sunny Days won the national box office championship. The three men are not independent figures, but they are great masters among directors. However, in the past two years, the market performance of the three masters’ works is average, as if there is always a red line that can’t be crossed. Zhang Yimou’s Shadow and Jiang Wen’s Evil Doesn’t Suppress Righteousness are hovering around 600 million, and Chen Kaige’s The Legend of the Demon Cat is about 500 million. Now, when the box office of big movies starts at 1 billion, the box office performance of the masters is really not bright enough. Objectively speaking, these three films are also excellent in quality among domestic films. Why are they not popular in the market?

　　All three masters have it.

　　Extraordinary artistic originality

　　It is thankless to compare these three people. We only analyze their most distinctive artistic features.

　　Cultural reflection has always been the label of Chen Kaige. A good family origin, at the same time, has experienced the pressure of the times and system, which makes Chen Kaige teenagers mature and like to think about the advantages and disadvantages of China’s traditional culture and reflect on historical lies. The Yellow Land shows the individual’s numbness under the loess culture for thousands of years. king of the children, Grand Parade, Singing while Walking and Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin are all full of reflections on the ills of the times, collectivism and even nationality. He was obsessed with cleanliness and finally reached the peak in the epic narrative of Farewell My Concubine. But when Chen Kaige wants to wake up from the introspection and torture of traditional culture and focus on the present, it is not very harmonious — — The Promise became the greatest shame of the master, the artistic level of The Orphan of Zhao was lower than expected, Search failed to grasp the essence of realism, and The Taoist Down the Mountain made it worse. You can’t say that Chen Kaige didn’t think, but his thinking is difficult to have a dialogue with the audience.

　　Zhang Yimou is best at color control. From the beginning of "Yellow Land", it shows amazing control over pictures and colors. "Red Sorghum" is the first film directed by him. In this film, there is a strong tension between the grand narrative of history and the exaggerated folk imagination, and the image style is very wild. This wanton and enthusiastic color obsession has been maintained until now. In the early days, Zhang Yimou was very "rustic" and liked to shoot rural subjects. He was deeply influenced by neo-realism. In "story of qiu ju" and "None Less", the cultural consciousness and responsibility of the fifth generation were very obvious in him. However, Zhang Yimou’s second identity is the initiator of domestic blockbusters. Hero has laid the basic paradigm of blockbusters, but he has also been accused of artistic depravity since then. The Golden Flower in the City, The Surprise of Three Guns and The Great Wall have come all the way, and the box office is very high, but the artistic exploration has stopped.

　　Jiang Wen is a very special existence. As the "Kusturica of China", he is the wildest director of China, but he has not been burdened with the shackles of reflection on the cultural consciousness of his home country. On the contrary, he always looks at history with a playful attitude, and is a true descendant of Dionysian spirit. Sunny Days beautifies the turbulent times with filters, focusing on human freedom and nature in history. The absurd black humor in The Devil Comes is basically unmatched in China, but who can say that this is not true history? In The Sun Also Rises, there are even more madness. The train tracks give birth, crazy mothers climb trees, and cobblestone rooms by the river. Metaphors are everywhere, reflecting the absurdity of the times through the absurdity of individual life. Jiang Wen’s greatest feature is that he is unconstrained style, and he is good at "drama", and the most serious history can also be teased. One Step Away and Evil Doesn’t Suppress Righteousness like to take the historical background as the stage, so that the forces of all parties can take turns to go into battle, the conflict is fierce, and the larger foe is broken. Finally, the sunset is left and the hero disappears.

　　It can be said that the artistic originality of the three masters has become the most fundamental guarantee for them to achieve the status of rivers and lakes, but will this originality diminish with the passage of time and can the audience feel it every time? No one can guarantee these.

　　What have the three masters met now?

　　The most important keyword in China movies in recent years is fast. Movies are commodities, not lofty arts. Generation division is gone, and the generation division directed by China will end in the sixth generation forever. On the one hand, the sixth generation of artistic features are doomed to be unable to become the mainstream of the market and to shoulder the great responsibility; On the other hand, the new generation of directors can’t divide by generations, and the threshold of directors has long been so low that everyone seems to be able to do it. Zhang Yimou has been dissatisfied with this. These new generation directors no longer have unified academic characteristics and a unified sense of cultural mission. Their first task is to win the market, that is, to win the hearts of the audience, so they need to do everything they can to prove their ability to investors and gain a foothold in the market. In this environment, the Zhang Yimou people may not be able to cope with the fist and fist kung fu.

　　For example, there are comedies, which have always been the most popular in the market. Under the background of the gradual decline of Hong Kong comedies, domestic comedies are experiencing explosive development. It seems that Bo Huang, Xú Zhēng and Wang Baoqiang are all comedies’ successors. It is precisely this kind of film that Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige and Jiang Wen are not good at, because comedy needs genes. Jiang Wen is the best of the three masters. As long as he does comedy seriously, it will be powerful, and the opposite is Waterloo. The sense of comedy in Let the Bullets Fly is natural, close to history and very modern, with great influence; What impressed me the most in Evil Doesn’t Suppress Righteousness is "Zhu Yuanzhang’s Portrait" and "Chiang Kai-shek’s Diary". Although they have their own personal interests, they are not inferior. Zhang Yimou also did the urban comedy "Let’s Talk Well", but he just played with tickets. As the name of the Buddhist master became more and more popular, he became less and less diligent in comedy. Chen Kaige basically doesn’t make comedies, because he is too serious and deep. Maybe comedies don’t fit his position.

　　There are also war movies. Wolf Warriors 2 is an insurmountable box office champion in domestic movies. Unfortunately, none of these three masters have any real war films. Others are detective mystery films, youth campus films and tomb raiding magic films, among which the best ones have higher box office than the three directors, but can you say that the three directors are inferior to them in artistic cultivation and directing skills? On the contrary, if the three masters did not make serious mistakes, their quality was basically guaranteed. For example, Chen Kaige’s "The Legend of the Demon Cat" has a grand historical narrative pattern. Through a peek at the literary truth, it shows the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the lie logic that is kept secret, which is an accurate restoration of the traditional meaning. Zhang Yimou’s Shadow, a traditional landscape painting style, presents China’s traditional cultural symbols and traditional artistic conception to the extreme, which is unmatched in domestic films. Jiang Wen’s "Evil Doesn’t Suppress Righteousness" adapted the original text with a single theme of revenge into a distinctive hodgepodge of the Republic of China, and the complex historical metaphor clues and imaginative imagination were integrated, which others really couldn’t shoot. At this time, the master was the master.

　　Is that because they don’t like the box office? In fact, none of the three directors dare to say that they never consider the market. On the contrary, I think they have been actively embracing the market now. When Zhang Yimou filmed "The Great Wall", he said bluntly that he wanted to make a popcorn movie. Chen Kaige also filmed Search, an adaptation of an online novel, trying to get close to the audience. Jiang Wen’s "One Step Away" and "Evil Doesn’t Suppress Righteousness" try to give up the overly artistic narrative style, but the market effect is not ideal. The reason is that the changes of the times have brought about changes in popular culture, market needs and audience aesthetics are changing. The question is: can the masters still accurately touch the audience’s high points now?

　　Box office is not everything.

　　Movies still need masters.

　　Benjamin mentioned the concept of "halo" in "Works of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" — — That kind of authenticity, uniqueness, sacredness and sense of distance. Halo can be a specific feature of a work or a unique atmosphere of an era. In the era of large-scale mechanical reproduction of art, the halo of traditional classic works of art is gradually disappearing. Why is it so difficult to have the masterpieces of the former European masters now? Do we still need masters in this era?

　　This year is recognized as a small year of film and television, and the explosion of film and television is mostly due to the pursuit of the so-called "cool", upgrading and fighting monsters, and being pleased with the enmity, invincible and countless fans. The pursuit of flat narrative is a trend of world film and television, especially represented by Hollywood blockbusters, which is invincible all over the world. This is understandable. In fact, this is an inevitable trend of the development of popular culture. As Wang Yichuan, a scholar, said in The Myth of Zhang Yimou: The End and Its Significance: When the film art no longer takes poetic enlightenment as its own responsibility, but takes commercial success as its basic goal, the enlightenment culture will have to taste the bitter fruit of defeat. The end of Zhang Yimou myth indicates that the enlightenment myth and personality myth of intellectuals came to an end in 1980s, and reveals the inevitability of the transformation of enlightenment culture into mass culture.

　　As a popular culture, movies have been subdivided in the current China film environment, and there are still boundaries between art films and commercial films. The perfect combination of business and art is every director’s dream, but such works are rare all over the world, and the Palme d ‘Or works at Cannes Film Festival can’t bring you huge box office. However, this does not mean that the film art must be flat. Chen Kaige, Zhang Yimou and Jiang Wen’s artistic originality may not be at its peak, but the works they create with their heart will immediately make waves like boulders as long as they pass through the market. Once again, "Evil does not suppress righteousness" strongly publicizes the Dionysian spirit full of hormonal narrative passion, and "The Legend of the Demon Cat" reveals the deep core of traditional culture. Although these two films failed to achieve the box office results of commercial blockbusters in the same period, they will eventually be proved by history.

　　After more than ten years of marketization, China’s films have developed rapidly in industry, and commercialization has been immersed in China’s films. However, the film market has cooled down this year, indicating that industrialization cannot solve all problems, and the market needs good works. On the one hand, good works need the accumulation of industry, on the other hand, the accumulation and inheritance of art are inevitable. Every era needs Chen Kaige, Zhang Yimou and Jiang Wen of every era. In fact, China’s film art exploration has not stopped. More new generation art film directors, such as Bi Gan and Xin Yukun, are also emerging, bringing hope to domestic films. The times need masters of art, but they need different artistic originality continuously.

　　It is said that Zhang Yimou’s first film "Red Sorghum" will be released again this year. How many people will go to see this Jiang Wen’s fifth-generation masterpiece, which really brought China movies to the world? This can be regarded as a test of the China film market, as well as the film audience. (Hu Xiang)

Retail flameout, force on the public？

Text/"Tsinghua Financial Review" Bai Haochen

In 2024, commercial banks have not got rid of the quagmire of retail stall.

Recently, the annual reports of most state-owned and joint-stock banks in domestic listed banks have been released. The annual report shows that the growth rate of net profit of state-owned banks and stock banks has generally slowed down, and some institutions have even experienced a significant decline. For example, the net profit of Minsheng Bank has shrunk by 9.85% compared with the previous year, and Ping An Bank has dropped by 4.19%.

Table 1: Net profit of some state-owned and joint-stock banks in 2023 and 2024 (100 million yuan)

Source: Wind, bank annual report

In terms of revenue, according to the business caliber, the classified revenue of the counted commercial banks is very different. Among the state-owned banks, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Bank of Communications account for a relatively large proportion of public business revenue, while the retail business of agriculture, construction, China and postal services exceeds public business. Among the stock banks, CITIC Bank, Minsheng Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Zheshang Bank account for a relatively large proportion of corporate business, while the retail business of China Merchants Bank, Ping An Bank and China Everbright Bank exceeds corporate business.

Figure 1: Revenue of some state-owned and joint-stock banks in 2024 (broken down by retail company, RMB 100 million)

Source: Bank Annual Report

Judging from the change of revenue, the performance of commercial banks in public business revenue is generally better than that in retail business. In terms of retail business, the retail business income of most commercial banks has decreased compared with the previous year, and only a few banks have achieved growth. In particular, the retail business of Ping An Bank, China Everbright Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank declined significantly. The retail business income of Ping An Bank dropped by 25.90% to 71.255 billion yuan, while the decline rate of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and China Everbright Bank also exceeded 10%.

In terms of public business, more than half of the listed banks achieved growth in 2024, while the banks that did not achieve growth did not experience a sharp decline. The largest increase in corporate business was Ping An Bank. Although the retail business shrank sharply, its corporate business increased by 19.15% in 2024, and its revenue to the public was 63.841 billion yuan during the year. Postal Savings Bank, Zheshang Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank are also growing significantly on the public side.

Figure 2: Changes in the revenue of some state-owned and joint-stock banks in 2024 compared with the previous year (split by retail size)

Looking at the profit again, according to the business caliber, in 2024, the profit performance of corporate business is also significantly better than that of retail business. In terms of retail business, except for workers and peasants China Construction and China Merchants Bank, the retail profits of other banks are very small, and Zheshang Bank even experienced retail losses, with a loss of 2.663 billion yuan during the year. The performance of corporate profits is satisfactory. Except for some large state-owned banks or those banks featuring retail business, corporate business has become the main pillar of bank profits.

Figure 3: Profits/losses of some state-owned and joint-stock banks in 2024 (broken down by retail size, RMB 100 million)

In terms of profit changes, in 2024, the profit points of most banks have obviously shifted-the profit of corporate business has increased rapidly, while the profit of retail business has dropped sharply. In terms of retail business, the retail profits of listed banks generally declined compared with the previous year, among which Everbright Bank and Ping An Bank declined significantly, and Everbright Bank decreased by 95.83% to 281 million yuan. Ping An Bank dropped by 94.81% to 356 million yuan. On the public side, most banks’ profits have improved, and there are not a few that have greatly improved. In 2024, the profit of the Agricultural Bank of China to the public increased the most, with an increase of 68.92% to 244.892 billion yuan during the year. China Construction Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Bank of China and China Merchants Bank also increased by over 20%.

Figure 4: Changes in profits of some state-owned and joint-stock banks in 2024 (split by retail size)

In terms of characteristics, both revenue and profit show the trend of corporate expansion and retail contraction, or it can be explained as the strategic turn of bank operation. The reason is mainly the cyclical rotation of bank retail and corporate business-in the past, retail business performed strongly and was under pressure on corporate business, but now it is in the opposite form.

In the early years, China’s banking industry was dominated by corporate banking. After 2010, the background of interest rate marketization superimposed residents’ wealth accumulation and consumption upgrading, prompting commercial banks to shift their strategic focus from corporate to retail. With the optimization of the top-level design of retail business, such as the pilot expansion of consumer finance companies, the relaxation of credit card installment business supervision, and the gradual improvement of personal credit information system, in 2016, joint-stock banks led by China Merchants Bank and Ping An Bank took the lead in the wave of the development of retail business characteristics, subverting the traditional business logic centered on corporate business and upgrading retail business to another growth pole of commercial banks besides corporate business.

Based on a huge customer base, retail business can provide considerable business volume, and because of the high basic interest rate of retail loans, it can also alleviate the pressure of bank interest margin, which is one of the best tracks for commercial banks to enhance their profitability and improve their operating level. Under the background of "expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption", the value of retail business is rising, and its importance is becoming more and more prominent. Commercial banks have also carried out retail business transformation in order to adapt to macro-development, alleviate the current operating difficulties, occupy a favorable position and seize the first opportunity in industry competition.

However, in recent years, the retail business of banks has gradually entered a bottleneck period. Since 2023, commercial banks have been in a state of collective stall at the retail end for two consecutive years. According to incomplete statistics, the retail revenue of most large and medium-sized banks that have published results has been hit, and the retail business revenue has generally shown a negative growth trend. There are two main reasons for the huge decline in retail business of commercial banks:

On the one hand, the downward cycle of real estate continues to curb residents’ willingness to consume. After decades of prosperity, China’s real estate market suffered periodic pains, and the growth rate of national real estate development investment declined for three consecutive years. The downward trend of the housing market had a direct impact on residents’ asset value and income expectations. First, the shrinking asset value directly affects residents’ willingness to consume. In order to cope with potential economic risks, more residents tilt their financial focus from consumption to savings, which inhibits mainstream personal credit businesses such as credit cards and consumer loans. Second, the continuous decline in housing prices will continue to hit the confidence of mortgage buyers and raise the risk of default, which will lead to a surge in non-performing rates.

On the other hand, credit cards, consumer loans and other products face high homogeneous stock competition. After years of market development practice, China’s urban credit card and consumer loan markets are gradually saturated. At present, the retail product matrix of each bank is highly homogeneous, and it mainly relies on the preferential strength and location advantages of commercial banks for stock competition. In addition, with the rise of internet finance, online consumer credit products, with their convenience and flexibility, further aggravate the operating pressure of credit card and consumer loan business. According to the Blue Book of China Bank Card Industry Development 2024, the total amount of credit card transactions in 2023 was 39.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 5.6%, and the transaction amount declined for two consecutive years. The average decline of credit card transactions in state-owned/joint-stock banks has reached 23.44%. With the stall of the main retail businesses such as credit cards and consumer loans, the growth momentum of bank retail has fallen into a bottleneck.

Under the long-term influence of multiple factors, the non-performing rate at the retail end of banks has risen and the incremental space has been continuously compressed. Under the realistic background that weakness is difficult to solve in a short time, commercial banks need to resort to other businesses to ensure high-quality and stable operation.

The performance of the public business is bright, and the bank’s break is dawning.

In the context of the collective stall of retail business of commercial banks in 2024, the resilience shown to public business may become the way to break the bank’s operation. For a long time, corporate banking has been an indispensable part of bank credit business, although in recent years some banks have shifted their focus to retail business. However, the foundation of public business is still there. In the context of the current lack of growth momentum of retail business, it is relatively wise for commercial banks to shift their business focus to corporate business, which is embodied in the following points:

First, it has strong anti-cyclical ability for public business. Compared with the retail business, which is highly influenced by the fluctuation of economic cycle, the public business has stronger anti-cyclical ability relying on policy support and industrial chain coordination. The stability of corporate customers’ cash flow is higher than that of retail customers, which plays a role in smoothing the fluctuation of asset quality in the overall operation of banks.

Second, the corporate business has more abundant business scenarios. Corporate business has the nature of "credit+",while corporate business has the nature of "credit+",which can promote the coordinated development of intermediary business, thus generating the multiplier effect of comprehensive income. By providing services to corporate customers, banks can simultaneously explore retail business opportunities such as payroll and employee wealth management, and realize the value transfer chain from enterprises to individuals to enterprises.

Third, the development of corporate business is in line with the current policy orientation. Under the current macroeconomic policy environment, the state emphasizes that finance supports the real economy and promotes industrial upgrading and structural adjustment. As one of the core channels of banking service entities, corporate business is highly compatible with policy guidance such as serving the real economy and supporting national strategic industries, which not only helps banks optimize their credit structure, but also effectively connects with national policies and helps the rapid development of national strategic industries. By developing corporate business, banks can deeply understand the needs of enterprises and provide customized financial services, thus promoting industrial upgrading and high-quality economic development. At the same time, the development of public business can also promote the development of related industrial chains, form a virtuous circle and inject new impetus into economic growth.

Two-wheel drive for public retail, and banking is not biased.

Ji Guangheng, president of Ping An Bank, said at the performance meeting that no strong bank was biased in the end. Without development loans, there will be no mortgage. Without a new account, there will be no waiting list. We still have a process of balanced development. In fact, corporate and retail businesses are not binary opposites, but more like two sides of banking business. Corporate businesses can naturally penetrate the upstream and downstream small and medium-sized micro-customers and employees’ personal financial service needs by serving the core enterprises in the industrial chain; The consumer behavior data accumulated by retail business can feed back the bank’s accurate judgment on the operating conditions of corporate customers.

Looking forward to the future, commercial banks must adhere to "walking on two legs" in order to achieve high-quality development. We should not only deepen the basic advantages of retail business, but also grasp the strategic opportunities of public business. This two-wheel drive business model is not only a pragmatic choice to meet the current challenges, but also a long-term plan for the future.

This article is a columnist of Weiyang. com: Tsinghua Financial Review is published. The content is the author’s personal opinion, not the website’s. It is forbidden to reprint it without permission, and offenders will be prosecuted!

Prison Returnees Help Education： Ex-prisoners Become Prison ＂Interviewers＂

　　The picture shows the help and education of returnees in Shayang Guanghua Prison and the on-site simulated job fair. Photo by Wen Juan

　　□ Our reporter Liu Zhiyue

　　□ "Legal System and News" reporter He Zhengxin

　　Returning to prison again, Liu Fan (a pseudonym) has some feelings.

　　"Is the company’s income high?" "How do you get along with your colleagues?" … … Under the rostrum, former prisoners kept asking questions.

　　This time, Liu Fan, who participated in the on-site simulated job fair for returnees of Guanghua Prison in Shayang, Hubei Province together with the person in charge of the company, turned into an "interviewer". Liu Fanfan is a released prisoner in Shayang Guanghua Prison. Recommended by the prison police, he entered an electronic product production company in Guangdong, and now he has become the technical backbone of the company.

　　"Being educated and reformed in prison has made my life start again, and the trust and support of the company have given me new life opportunities." Liu Fan said.

　　It is a concrete manifestation of Shayang Guanghua Prison’s practice of the new concept of "five major transformations" to "open" the job fair into the prison and invite released prisoners to show up.

　　On January 4th this year, Hubei Provincial Prison Administration held a meeting to promote the pilot work of "Five Major Reforms" model prisons in Shayang Guanghua Prison, and summarized the working experience of each pilot prison. In order to implement the new requirements of the Ministry of Justice on the "Five Major Reforms" of prison work, which is "guided by political reform, promoting supervision reform, education reform, cultural reform and labor reform as a whole", in 2018, the Party Committee of Hubei Provincial Prison Administration deployed and carried out pilot projects of demonstration prisons with the "Five Major Reforms" as the main contents in Shayang Guanghua Prison, Xianning Prison, Hanjiang Prison and Huangzhou Prison.

　　"With the combination of point and surface, we will first grasp the pilot demonstration and then fully promote it in the province." Hao Aimin, secretary of the Party Committee and director of Hubei Prison Administration, said that this is a working idea and an important measure for the prison system in Hubei Province to stick to the bottom line of safety, practice the purpose of reform and promote the new pattern of "five major reforms" as a whole.

　　Political culture infiltrates into the prison area, political books cover into the prison house, political reform day study week gives comments, and the warden gives the new prisoners the first lesson of political reform … … Over the past year, the Hubei Provincial Prison Administration has held three seminars on model prisons, set up a leading group and office for the creation of model prisons, and formulated and promulgated the Implementation Plan for the Pilot Work of Hubei Model Prison. Four pilot prisons, including Shayang Prison Administration, have deployed elite forces to set up special classes to carry out their work.

　　Nowadays, four pilot units of model prisons have explored their own unique transformation models — —

　　Shayang Guanghua Prison adheres to the guidance of party building, and comprehensively implements the "five-oriented" transformation model of transparent, standardized and refined management, systematization of political transformation, permanence of team institutions, classroom-based learning and education, routine education reform and effectiveness of assessment and evaluation; Xianning prison fully implements the standardization of all work, and actively constructs a new management mechanism of grading and handling in charge of detention, an incentive mechanism for penalty execution, a new labor reform and correction mechanism and an innovative mechanism for educational reform; Huangzhou Prison promotes the reform of the prison area system, dividing the prison area according to the floor, effectively improving the prison safety factor and promoting the flat and scientific prison management; Hanjiang Prison, as a demonstration prison for Internet application determined by the Ministry of Justice, realizes standardization of hardware facilities and intelligent on-site management, and the standardized management of labor sites is at the forefront of the country.

　　As small as a toothbrush and a pen are shortened; The water temperature of prisoners’ drinking water should be controlled at about 70 degrees after boiling, so as not to hurt people by boiling water … … During the observation in Shayang Guanghua Prison, the small details carefully set in the prison area won praises from the participants.

　　"In order to strengthen political reform, we require prisoners to take political reform classes from the time they enter the prison, regularly raise the national flag, watch red movies, and also hold activities such as theme essay writing and red song contest, so that political culture can enter the prison area and enter the prison house, realizing full coverage of the whole process of political reform." Zhang Rongsheng, Party Secretary and Warden of Shayang Guanghua Prison, introduced.

　　Statistics show that in 2018, the number of criminals violating discipline in Shayang Guanghua Prison decreased by 13% year-on-year, and the number of people taking the high school entrance examination increased by more than 7 times year-on-year.

　　In an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily, Xiong Hao, secretary of the Party Committee and director of Xianning Prison, said that in order to improve the ability and level of promoting the "five major reforms", Xianning Prison divided the police into three categories: supervision reform, education reform and labor reform, and classified the selection and employment, education and training, evaluation and assessment, and the professional level of the police continued to improve.

　　"The pilot demonstration prison is an important measure to implement the work deployment of the Ministry of Justice, an important content to implement the comprehensive deepening reform work of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, and an important starting point for promoting prison work." Hao Aimin said that in the next step, the province’s prison system will set an example in nine aspects, such as improving the quality of prisoners’ reform, standardizing law enforcement, intelligent construction, reform and innovation, cultural construction, party building and discipline style, so as to continuously improve the overall management level of prisons.

China Vaccine Helps Global War ＂Epidemic＂

　　"China will step up its efforts to provide 2 billion doses of vaccine to the world throughout the year, deepen cooperation with developing countries in fighting epidemic diseases, and make good use of China’s direction ‘ COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Plan ’ The donation of 100 million US dollars has made due contributions to mankind’s complete victory over the epidemic. " On September 17, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made a solemn commitment when attending the 21st meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states by video in Beijing.

　　△ On September 17th, the Supreme Leader of president attended the 21st meeting of the Council of Heads of State of SCO member states by video and delivered an important speech.

　　At present, Covid-19 mutates frequently, and the epidemic situation is still delayed and repeated around the world. It is necessary to speed up vaccination and let the construction speed of group immune barrier run ahead of the spread of virus variation. However, the global vaccination imbalance is still outstanding, and the international community expects more confidence, hope and cooperation.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, standing at the height of seeking health for mankind and development for the world, has repeatedly expounded China’s proposition at international conferences and other important occasions, led China to fulfill its commitment to make vaccines a global public product, and practiced the concept of human health community with practical actions — —

　　"Adhere to the same boat and strengthen public health cooperation."

　　"Adhere to fairness and accessibility and strengthen international cooperation in vaccines."

　　On September 9th, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the initiative of hit the floor at the 13th meeting of BRICS leaders by video.

　　To promote international cooperation in the fight against epidemic diseases, China has always kept its words and carried out its deeds.

　　At the beginning of this year, China provided 200,000 doses of vaccine aid to Algeria, becoming the first country to donate vaccines to Algeria; In May, the first batch of Kexing vaccine stock solution purchased by Egypt from China arrived in Cairo … … In all aspects of vaccine research and development, production and distribution, China has adopted an open and cooperative attitude, and responded positively to all countries that put forward vaccine demand and cooperation to China. For many developing countries, China vaccine is the first batch of vaccines.

　　In order to realize the accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing countries, China has also actively promoted the localization of vaccines in other countries.

　　On September 9th this year, the groundbreaking ceremony for the first China vaccine factory in Europe was held in Belgrade, the Serbian capital. Serbian President Vucic said that with the help of partners from China and the United Arab Emirates, Serbia will build a modern vaccine factory, which is of great significance to the anti-epidemic action in Serbia and even the region.

　　So far, China has provided nearly 1.2 billion doses of vaccines and stock solutions to more than 100 countries and international organizations, ranking first in the world.

　　A series of propositions put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader and a series of actions taken by China will promote the fair and reasonable distribution of vaccines and benefit the anti-epidemic in the world, especially in developing countries. It is not only the most powerful and effective support for the global anti-epidemic action, but also the best interpretation of the concept of a community of human destiny.

　　Producer: Wang Shanshan Ou Zhang

　　Producer Xing Lai

　　Editor-in-Chief Ning Lili

　　Editor Luan Xiyan

　　Visual sense Su Qian

　　Proofread Lu Mingming

Protecting the mental health of children and adolescents

　　Guangming Daily reporter Yan Xiaoyan

　　For some time, teenagers’ mental health problems have attracted much attention. The topic of "Mom stopped taking antidepressants for her daughter and replaced them with vitamins" triggered a continuous discussion among netizens: "Why don’t parents pay attention to their children’s emotional changes?" "Why are many children unhappy now?" Previously, the Hu Xinyu incident triggered profound reflection from all walks of life.

　　"Depression, each of us will have in our lives, but what are the specific symptoms of depression, how to detect it, which requires professional identification. In this regard, our ordinary people’s cognition is lacking. " Mao Min, a psychological teacher at Beijing Jingshan School, told reporters.

　　What should we do for children? How to hear the children’s cry for help and reduce the occurrence of tragedies? The reporter interviewed relevant experts to find the answer together.

Psychological teachers of Hongtang Experimental School in Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province put sand tables with students in the psychological counseling room. Xinhua news agency

　　Cognition of distress signals — —

　　"Depression" is often mentioned, but the public is not familiar with its performance.

　　"Early detection, early warning and early intervention." This is an important thing for many psychologists. Treating mental health problems, timely detection, timely intervention and non-intervention, the consequences are obviously different.

　　According to the relevant documents, all high schools and institutions of higher learning have set up psychological counseling (consultation) rooms and mental health education courses, equipped with mental health education teachers; Incorporate depression screening into the content of students’ health examination, establish students’ mental health files and evaluate students’ mental health status. The word "depression" is often mentioned by everyone, but the public is not fully familiar with the related knowledge of depression and mental health.

　　As a parent or teacher, what performance should we focus on? Front-line psychological educators usually pay more attention to students when they have the following "signals":

　　Academic signal: sudden or continuous decline in academic performance; Inattention in class; Often do not hand in homework or hand it in late; Excessive demands on teachers’ time and attention; The content of homework (composition) is abnormal; Internet or mobile phone addiction, unable to study and live normally.

　　Physiological signals: obvious changes in appearance, such as sudden weight loss, untidy clothes, and lack of attention to personal hygiene; Abnormal diet and sleep; Easy to fatigue; Absent-minded in doing things; Vague and illogical speech; Acting strangely and divorced from reality; Have hallucinations or delusions.

　　Psychological signal: family problems, interpersonal setbacks or adjustment difficulties are being encountered; Self-exposure of personal bad mood or mental crisis; The reaction to the event is not normal compared with others; Too much crying or too much panic; Irritable; Language violence; Unusually indifferent; The group around the student expressed their concern.

　　Security risk signal: unprovoked anger or hostility; Physical violence; Hint or directly threaten others; Homework and test papers express a strong sense of hopelessness, anger, worthlessness, isolation, despair, self-injury and suicidal thoughts or behaviors; Stalking or harassing others.

　　"Of course, there will be psychological evaluation, but the evaluation is only a reference, and it is still necessary to make a comprehensive judgment according to the actual situation of the child. School psychological teachers have no right to diagnose psychological problems, which require the intervention of professional doctors. " According to Mao Min, there are several prone periods of mental health problems, such as entering higher school, the eve of graduation, before and after exams, and when students have major life events while growing up.

　　Not long ago, the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Social Science Literature Publishing House jointly published the third blue book on mental health in China, in which the special report "Investigation Report on Adolescents’ Mental Health in 2022" was reported, and more than 30,000 primary and secondary school students aged 10-16 in 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) were investigated. The results show that about 14.8% adolescents have different degrees of depression risk, among which 4.0% adolescents belong to the risk group of severe depression and 10.8% adolescents belong to the risk group of mild depression.

　　"Both teachers and our parents should be vigilant. Don’t think that these mental diseases or depression and anxiety are far away from us. Each of us may suffer from these diseases. Even if we don’t reach the level of the disease, we may be troubled by these negative emotions. This point still needs attention and vigilance. " Liu Yanru, a clinical psychotherapist in huilongguan hospital, Beijing, said.

　　"Some children have suicidal thoughts and even put them into action, but they are still afraid to ask others for help." Liu Yanru believes that "children don’t make a sound, which requires our parents and teachers to consciously take the initiative to pay attention to these children, see if they behave differently from others, or are obviously different from his original personality, and ask them what happened. If we can’t solve it, we can ask professionals for help. "

Hanshan county Tongzha School organized students to carry out activities of "experiencing interesting games and caring for mental health". Ou Zongtao photo/bright picture

　　Cognition of mental illness — —

　　Mental illness can be treated, and there is no need to avoid medical treatment.

　　"Seven or eight-year-old children say that they are in a bad mood and unhappy, and they want to find a psychologist. Some parents will think that children are joking, and they are full of food and drink every day, which is like depression. " Liu Huaqing, chief physician of huilongguan hospital Children’s Psychology Department, feels that parents can’t recognize it, and casually deny that they may have inadvertently overlooked that the child is in pain.

　　In the daily outpatient service, Liu Huaqing clearly felt that there were more adolescent patients coming to see a doctor than before. He reminded parents to learn about depression, not to criticize or blame, but to accept and understand their children’s pain.

　　What psychological problems do children usually have in campus psychological counseling?

　　Mao Min introduced that in the primary school stage, the first and second grade students mainly adapt to the problem. General adaptation problems are divided into two categories: one is that students’ own development level is not enough to cope with primary school learning. There are grade one and grade two students who have attention deficit and are diagnosed by the hospital as ADHD, dyslexia and dysgraphia, etc. problem children; One is that they have not developed good rules and habits, and their self-care ability is relatively weak. In the middle and senior grades of primary school, students encounter more and more interpersonal problems. "In junior high school, it is emotional management, interpersonal communication, internet use and academic problems. In the eighth and ninth grades, facing the senior high school entrance examination, academic problems are more prominent. In the high school stage, the common problems of students are academic anxiety, self-cognition and interpersonal communication. These problems are often intertwined and affect each other. " Mao Min added.

　　"When students have serious psychological problems and need parents’ cooperation, they are sometimes hindered." Mao Min bluntly said that in real life, some parents are worried that if a child goes to see a psychologist, the classmates will have an opinion on him and will it affect his communication with classmates. At the same time, will children feel abnormal, thus bearing great psychological pressure. There are also some parents who have many practical difficulties in seeking psychotherapy, such as what kind of institution or hospital to choose, as well as the cost and time, which also makes it impossible for individual parents to seek professional help in time and smoothly.

　　As a psychological teacher, he can usually provide psychological counseling for students with general developmental problems. For students with serious psychological problems, parents are advised to take their children to the hospital in time for diagnosis and treatment. In this way, children can get timely help and recover as soon as possible. Mao Min told reporters that benefiting from the linkage mechanism of medical education, Dongcheng District Education Committee and Anding Hospital Adolescent Mental Health Center, where Beijing Jingshan School is located, implemented medical education linkage to provide a green channel for students’ mental health.

　　"It is also difficult for some parents to accept that their children are sick, especially mental illness, which seems to be a disgraceful thing. Parents are deeply frustrated when their children are ill. " Liu Yanru told reporters, "Some people still discriminate against mental illness and are stigmatized. We need to do some popular science to let more people know that even if there is such a disease, it can be treated, and there is no need to avoid medical treatment. "

In the Central School of Xiema Town, Baokang County, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, mental health tutors play music for students to relax. Tao Yang photo/bright picture

　　Understand growth and observe carefully — —

　　Give children more love and companionship with a more scientific educational concept.

　　Liu Huaqing bluntly said that in today’s rich material life, although children don’t worry about eating and drinking, they are facing greater competitive pressure for further studies, and their living environment may be more complicated than that of their parents in childhood. At the same time, many young parents are not fully prepared, and they still continue their parents’ views on educational concepts. As a result, "problem" teenagers surfaced.

　　Tang Qianyun is a psychological teacher in Qiyang No.1 Middle School in Hunan Province. There is a standardized psychological counseling center in her school. At least two teachers are on duty every day, and they accept students’ recess appointments and telephone appointments at a fixed duty time.

　　"In response to students’ various psychological puzzles, psychological teachers generally take psychological classes as the basis, and let students learn how to adjust in the classroom. If a few students can’t solve them, they will make an appointment for psychological counseling. In the counseling center, psychological teachers guide students to see problems and find strength from themselves to solve them. Mental diseases beyond their ability will communicate with students and parents in time, and it is recommended to refer them to professional hospitals for detailed examination and treatment. " Tang Qianyun said, "However, from what I have learned from my peers in other grass-roots schools, the teaching staff and school-running conditions of grass-roots rural schools are still limited, and full-time psychological teachers will be transferred to Chinese mathematics courses; Some school leaders do not pay attention to mental health education, which leads to the gradual marginalization of psychological education. "

　　As parents, what should we pay attention to in the process of raising children?

　　"Parents really need to reflect. They should not unilaterally ask their children to be excellent, but also always convey to their children an idea that parents love them no matter what their children are. If children encounter difficulties, they can always come to their parents for help; If the parents can’t solve it, let’s find a way to let the children feel that this home is a harbor. " Liu Yanru believes.

　　"Parents should have a positive growth mode of thinking. Parents should use more scientific parenting methods to give their children enough love, companionship and support, pay attention to their emotional changes in time, be good at discovering the advantages of their children, and encourage them to actively explore and try their own areas of interest. Healthy psychology is not overprotected, but tempered by exploration and trial. " Mao Min thinks.

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